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Supernova rates (hypernova, type II, type Ib/c and type Ia) in a particular galaxy depend on the metallicity (i.e. on the galaxy age), on the physics of star formation and on the binary population. In order to study the time evolution of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 E. De Donder , D. Vanbeveren

The description of the tempo-spatial evolution of the composition of cosmic gas on galactic scales is called 'modelling galactic chemical evolution'. It aims to use knowledge about sources of nucleosynthesis and how they change the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-10-25 Roland Diehl , Nikos Prantzos

Context. The recent detection of nitrogen-enhanced, metal-poor galaxies at high redshift by the James Webb Space Telescope has sparked renewed interest in exploring the chemical evolution of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen (the CNO elements)…

Based on high-resolution spectra obtained with Magellan/MIKE, we present a chemo-dynamical analysis for 27 near main-sequence turnoff metal-poor stars, including 20 stars analyzed for the first time. The sample spans a range in [Fe/H] from…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-05-10 Mohammad K. Mardini , Anna Frebel , Leyatt Betre , Heather Jacobson , John E. Norris , Norbert Christlieb

Aims. The Chemical Evolution of R-process Elements in Stars (CERES) project aims to provide a homogeneous analysis of a sample of metal-poor stars ([Fe/H]<-1.5). We present the stellar parameters and the chemical abundances of elements up…

Neutron(n)-capture elements (atomic number Z>30), which can be produced in planetary nebula (PN) progenitor stars via s-process nucleosynthesis, have been detected in nearly 100 PNe. This demonstrates that nebular spectroscopy is a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 N. C. Sterling , M. C. Witthoeft , D. A. Esteves , P. C. Stancil , A. L. D. Kilcoyne , R. C. Bilodeau , A. Aguilar

We report abundance estimates for neutron-capture elements, including lead (Pb), and nucleosynthesis models for their origin, in two carbon-rich, very metal-poor stars, LP625-44 and LP706-7. These stars are subgiants whose surface…

We investigate the chemical evolution of odd-numbered elements such as sodium (Na) and aluminum (Al) during the early epochs of the Galactic halo with the use of a model that reproduces the observed box-shaped distribution of extremely…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Takuji Tsujimoto , Toshikazu Shigeyama , Yuzuru Yoshii

We obtain the chemical abundances of six barium stars and two CH subgiant stars based on the high signal-to-noise ratio and high resolution Echelle spectra. The neutron capture process elements Y, Zr, Ba, La, Eu show obvious overabundance…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 G. Q. Liu , Y. C. Liang , L. Deng

We have computed detailed evolution and nucleosynthesis models for super and massive AGB stars over the mass range 6.5-9.0 Msun in divisions of 0.5 Msun with metallicities Z=0.02, 0.008 and 0.004. These calculations, in which we find third…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Carolyn L. Doherty , Pilar Gil-Pons , Herbert H. B Lau , John C. Lattanzio , Lionel Siess

Studying the abundances in metal-poor globular clusters is crucial for understanding the formation of the Galaxy and the nucleosynthesis processes in the early Universe. We observed 13 red giant stars from the metal-poor globular cluster…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-08 Avrajit Bandyopadhyay , Rana Ezzeddine , Vinicius M. Placco , Anna Frebel , David S Aguado , Ian U. Roederer

The paper considers the evolution of the supernova envelopes produced by Population III stars with masses of $M_*\sim 25-200 M_\odot$ located in non-rotating protogalaxies with masses of $M\sim 10^7 M_\odot$ at redshifts $z=12$, with…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-11-06 E. O. Vasiliev , E. I. Vorobyov , E. E. Matvienko , A. O. Razoumov , Yu. A. Shchekinov

We present the chemical abundances of Fe, alpha- and neutron-capture elements in 12 metal-poor Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) giant stars, observed with the high-resolution spectrographs UVES/VLT and MIKE/Magellan. These stars have [Fe/H]…

We follow the Galactic enrichment of three easily observed light n-capture elements Sr,Y,and Zr.Input stellar yields have been first separated into their respective main and weak s-process,and r-process components.The s-process yields from…

We present numerical simulations to describe the nucleosynthesis and evolution of pre-Galactic clouds in a model which is motivated by cold dark matter simulations of hierarchical galaxy formation. We adopt a SN-induced star-formation…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Saleh , T. C. Beers , G. J. Mathews

To better characterize the abundance patterns produced by the r-process, we have derived new abundances or upper limits for the heavy elements zinc (Zn), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), europium (Eu), and lead (Pb). Our sample of 161…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 I. U. Roederer , J. J. Cowan , A. I. Karakas , K. -L. Kratz , M. Lugaro , J. Simmerer , K. Farouqi , C. Sneden

Growing interests in neutron star (NS) mergers as the origin of r-process elements have sprouted since the discovery of evidence for the ejection of these elements from a short-duration gamma-ray burst. The hypothesis of a NS merger origin…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-23 Takuji Tsujimoto , Toshikazu Shigeyama

The evolution and distribution of metals within galaxies are critical for understanding galactic evolution and star formation processes, but the mechanisms responsible for shaping this distribution remain uncertain. In this study, we carry…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-03 Chuhan Zhang , Zefeng Li , Zipeng Hu , Mark R. Krumholz

A model for Galactic chemical evolution, driven by supernova-induced star formation, is formulated and used to examine the nature of the Galactic halo at early epochs. In this model, new stars are formed following each supernova event, thus…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Takuji Tsujimoto , Toshikazu Shigeyama , Yuzuru Yoshii

Many observed CEMP stars are found in binary systems and show enhanced abundances of $s$-elements. The origin of the chemical abundances of these CEMP-$s$ stars is believed to be accretion in the past of enriched material from a primary…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-26 C. Abate , O. R. Pols , R. G. Izzard , A. I. Karakas