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Automatic melody generation for pop music has been a long-time aspiration for both AI researchers and musicians. However, learning to generate euphonious melody has turned out to be highly challenging due to a number of factors.…

This study is a theoretical approach for exploring the applicability of a 2D cellular automaton based on melodic and harmonic intervals in random arrays of musical notes. The aim of this study was to explore alternatives uses for a cellular…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Igor Lugo , Martha G. Alatriste-Contreras

The generation of music that adapts dynamically to content and actions has an important role in building more immersive, memorable and emotive game experiences. To date, the development of adaptive music systems for video games is limited…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Patrick Hutchings , Jon McCormack

Human usually composes music by organizing elements according to the musical form to express music ideas. However, for neural network-based music generation, it is difficult to do so due to the lack of labelled data on musical form. In this…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Peiling Lu , Xu Tan , Botao Yu , Tao Qin , Sheng Zhao , Tie-Yan Liu

A hallmark of human intelligence is the ability to construct self-contained chunks of knowledge and adequately reuse them in novel combinations for solving different yet structurally related problems. Learning such compositional structures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Jorge A. Mendez , Eric Eaton

In recent years, machine learning, and in particular generative adversarial neural networks (GANs) and attention-based neural networks (transformers), have been successfully used to compose and generate music, both melodies and polyphonic…

Pattern discovery algorithms in the music domain aim to find meaningful components in musical compositions. Over the years, although many algorithms have been developed for pattern discovery in music data, it remains a challenging task. To…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Iris Ren , Anja Volk , Wouter Swierstra , Remco C. Veltkamp

We present a hybrid neural network and rule-based system that generates pop music. Music produced by pure rule-based systems often sounds mechanical. Music produced by machine learning sounds better, but still lacks hierarchical temporal…

Sound · Computer Science 2017-10-09 Yifei Teng , An Zhao , Camille Goudeseune

Music has always been thought of as a "human" endeavor -- when praising a piece of music, we emphasize the composer's creativity and the emotions the music invokes. Because music also heavily relies on patterns and repetition in the form of…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Nicholas Yan

This essay recounts my personal journey towards a deeper understanding of the mathematical foundations of algorithmic music composition. I do not spend much time on specific mathematical algorithms used by composers; rather, I focus on…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Michael Gogins

Music mixing involves combining individual tracks into a cohesive mixture, a task characterized by subjectivity where multiple valid solutions exist for the same input. Existing automatic mixing systems treat this task as a deterministic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Eloi Moliner , Marco A. Martínez-Ramírez , Junghyun Koo , Wei-Hsiang Liao , Kin Wai Cheuk , Joan Serrà , Vesa Välimäki , Yuki Mitsufuji

Music is a universal feature of human culture, linked to embodied cognitive functions that drive learning, action, and the emergence of creativity and individuality. Evidence highlights the critical role of statistical learning an implicit…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-21 Tatsuya Daikoku

In the domain of algorithmic music composition, machine learning-driven systems eliminate the need for carefully hand-crafting rules for composition. In particular, the capability of recurrent neural networks to learn complex temporal…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Harish Kumar , Balaraman Ravindran

In this paper, we propose a technique to address the most challenging aspect of algorithmic songwriting process, which enables the human community to discover original lyrics, and melodies suitable for the generated lyrics. The proposed…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Gurunath Reddy Madhumani , Yi Yu , Florian Harscoët , Simon Canales , Suhua Tang

Recent advances in deep neural networks have enabled algorithms to compose music that is comparable to music composed by humans. However, few algorithms allow the user to generate music with tunable parameters. The ability to tune…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Huanru Henry Mao , Taylor Shin , Garrison W. Cottrell

Artistic creation is often seen as a uniquely human endeavor, yet robots bring distinct advantages to music-making, such as precise tempo control, unpredictable rhythmic complexities, and the ability to coordinate intricate human and robot…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Isabella Pu , Jeff Snyder , Naomi Ehrich Leonard

Melody reduction, as an abstract representation of musical compositions, serves not only as a tool for music analysis but also as an intermediate representation for structured music generation. Prior computational theories, such as the…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ziyu Wang , Yuxuan Wu , Roger B. Dannenberg , Gus Xia

In a context of increasing scientific specialization and deficiencies in the scientific literacy of the population, there arises a need to broaden the methods of scientific dissemination. This study proposes an approach that combines music…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-08-22 Carlos Darío Badilla Cerdas

Music composition has long been recognized as a significant art form. However, existing digital audio workstations and music production software often present high entry barriers for users lacking formal musical training. To address this,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Hongxi Pu , Futian Jiang , Zihao Chen , Xingyue Song

This paper presents a generative AI model for automated music composition with LSTM networks that takes a novel approach at encoding musical information which is based on movement in music rather than absolute pitch. Melodies are encoded as…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Hooman Rafraf