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Recently proposed modifications of the standard particle-in-cell (PIC) method resolve long-standing limitations such as exact preservation of physically conserved quantities and unbiased ensemble down-sampling. Such advances pave the way…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Frida Brogren , Christoffer Olofsson , Joel Magnusson , Arkady Gonoskov

The use of explicit particle-in-cell (PIC) method for relativistic plasma simulations is restricted by numerical heating and instabilities that may significantly constrain the choice of time and space steps. To partially eliminate these…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2024-02-12 Arkady Gonoskov

We present a novel Relativistic Semi-Implicit Method (RelSIM) for particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of astrophysical plasmas, implemented in a code framework ready for production runs. While explicit PIC methods have gained widespread…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-29 Fabio Bacchini

In the wake of the intense effort made for the experimental CILEX project, numerical simulation cam- paigns have been carried out in order to finalize the design of the facility and to identify optimal laser and plasma parameters. These…

Computational Physics · Physics 2016-04-20 Arnaud Beck , Jacob Trier Frederiksen , Julien Dérouillat

Recently, a fully implicit, energy- and charge-conserving particle-in-cell method has been proposed for multi-scale, full-f kinetic simulations [G. Chen, et al., J. Comput. Phys. 230,18 (2011)]. The method employs a Jacobian-free…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Guangye Chen , Luis Chacón , Daniel C. Barnes

Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations spend most of their execution time on particle--grid interactions, where fine-grained atomic updates become a major bottleneck on traditional many-core CPUs. Recent CPU architectures integrate specialized…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yizhuo Rao , Xingjian Cui , Jiabin Xie , Shangzhi Pang , Guangnan Feng , Jinhui Wei , Zhiguang Chen , Yutong Lu

This paper presents a recently developed particle simulation code package PIFE-PIC, which is a novel three-dimensional (3-D) Parallel Immersed-Finite-Element (IFE) Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulation model for particle simulations of…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Daoru Han , Xiaoming He , David Lund , Xu Zhang

There are many interesting physical processes which involve the generation of high density plasmas in large volumes. However, when modeling these systems numerically, the large densities and volumes present a significant computational…

Computational Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. E. Schulz , A. D. Greenwood , K. L. Cartwright , P. J. Mardahl

Modeling plasma accelerators is a computationally challenging task and the quasi-static particle-in-cell algorithm is a method of choice in a wide range of situations. In this work, we present the first performance-portable, quasi-static,…

Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations are essential for studying kinetic plasma processes, but they often suffer from statistical noise, especially in plasmas with fast flows. We have also found that the typical central difference scheme used…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-06-16 Yuxi Chen , Hongyang Zhou , Gabor Toth

Basic principles of particle-in-cell (PIC ) codes with the main application for plasma-based acceleration are discussed. The ab initio full electromagnetic relativistic PIC codes provide the most reliable description of plasmas. Their…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-10-06 Alexander Pukhov

Numerical heating in particle-in-cell (PIC) codes currently precludes the accurate simulation of cold, relativistic plasma over long periods, severely limiting their applications in astrophysical environments. We present a spatially…

Our fully kinetic, implicit Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations of global magnetospheres on up to 32,768 of El Capitan's AMD Instinct MI300A Accelerated Processing Units (APUs) represent an unprecedented computational capability that…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Stefano Markidis , Andong Hu , Ivy Peng , Luca Pennati , Ian Lumsden , Dewi Yokelson , Stephanie Brink , Olga Pearce , Thomas R. W. Scogland , Bronis R. de Supinski , Gian Luca Delzanno , Michela Taufer

In this dissertation, a fully object-oriented, fully relativistic, multi-dimensional Particle-In-Cell code was developed and applied to answer key questions in plasma-based accelerator research. The simulations increase the understanding of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-03-03 Roy G. Hemker

Room-temperature metals and semi-metals which consist of a gas of bound electrons in a near-continuum band structure can be classified as cold quantum plasmas. This insight suggests that Particle-in-Cell (PIC) simulations, traditionally…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-01-14 Gregory K. Ngirmang , Hue T. B. Do , Guangxin Liu , Michel Bosman , Lin Wu

We present a detailed strong and weak scaling analysis of PICCANTE, an open source, massively parallel, fully-relativistic Particle-In-Cell (PIC) code. PIC codes are widely used in plasma physics and astrophysics to study the cases where…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-03-27 Andrea Sgattoni , Luca Fedeli , Stefano Sinigardi , Alberto Marocchino , Andrea Macchi , Volker Weinberg , Anupam Karmakar

Modern particle-in-cell (PIC) codes have become an integral tool in plasma astrophysics. As most plasma phenomena grow from initially small instabilities, it is important to ensure PIC codes can suppress noise and ensure that any growing…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-18 Ludwig M. Böss , Arno Vanthieghem , Hayk Hakobyan , Evgeny A. Gorbunov , Damiano Caprioli

Particle-In-Cell (PIC) methods are frequently used for kinetic, high-fidelity simulations of plasmas. Implicit formulations of PIC algorithms feature strong conservation properties, up to numerical round-off errors, and are not subject to…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2021-10-26 R. Kube , R. M. Churchill , B. Sturdevant

The Particle-In-Cell (PIC) method for plasma simulation tracks particle phase space information using particle and grid data structures. High computational costs in 2D and 3D device-scale PIC simulations necessitate parallelization, with…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-06-27 Libn Varghese , Bhaskar Chaudhury , Miral Shah , Mainak Bandyopadhyay

Kinetic Particle In Cell (PIC) methods can extend greatly their range of applicability if implicit time differencing and spatial adaption are used to address the wide range of time and length scales typical of plasmas. For implicit…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2008-06-05 Giovanni Lapenta