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One of the most significant vulnerabilities in the source unit of quantum key distribution (QKD) is the correlation between quantum states after modulation, which shall be characterized and evaluated for its practical security performance.…

This paper proposes a multi-mode Gaussian modulated continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) scheme able to operate at high bandwidth despite using conventional noisy, coherent detectors. We demonstrate enhancement in shotnoise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Rupesh Kumar , Xinke Tang , Adrian Wonfor , Richard Penty , Ian White

We discuss excess noise contributions of a practical balanced homodyne detector in Gaussian-modulated coherent-state (GMCS) quantum key distribution (QKD). We point out the key generated from the original realistic model of GMCS QKD may not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-19 Yue-Meng Chi , Bing Qi , Wen Zhu , Li Qian , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Sun-Hyun Youn , A. I. Lvovsky , Liang Tian

Quantum key distribution (QKD) promises everlasting security based on the laws of physics. Most common protocols are grouped into two distinct categories based on the degrees of freedom used to carry information, which can be either…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-28 Jasminder S. Sidhu , Rocco Maggi , Saverio Pascazio , Cosmo Lupo

We examine different methods to implement coherent detection in the subcarrier wave quantum key distribution (SCW QKD) systems. For classical wavefields, we present the models describing homodyne-type and heterodyne-type coherent detection…

In this paper, a continuous variable B92 quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol is proposed using single photon added and subtracted coherent states, which are prepared by adding and subsequently subtracting a single photon on a coherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Srikara S , Kishore Thapliyal , Anirban Pathak

Quantum Key Distribution with the BB84 protocol has been shown to be unconditionally secure even using weak coherent pulses instead of single-photon signals. The distances that can be covered by these methods are limited due to the loss in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Marcos Curty , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the fastest-growing and relatively mature technology in the field of quantum information, enabling information-theoretically secure key distribution between two remote users. Although QKD based on…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is considered the most immediate application to be widely implemented amongst a variety of potential quantum technologies. QKD enables sharing secret keys between distant users, using photons as information…

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol using coherent states and heterodyne detection, called No-Switching protocol, is widely used in practical systems due to the simple experimental setup without basis switching and easy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-02 Jiale Mi , Yiming Bian , Lu Fan , Song Yu , Yichen Zhang

We designed and experimentally demonstrated a silicon photonics-integrated time-domain balanced homodyne detector (TBHD), whose optical part has dimensions of 1.5 mm * 0.4 mm. To automatically and accurately balance the detector, new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-23 Yanxiang Jia , Xuyang Wang , Xiao Hu , Xin Hua , Yu Zhang , Xubo Guo , Shengxiang Zhang , Xi Xiao , Shaohua Yu , Jun Zou , Yongmin Li

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV QKD) using optical coherent detectors is practically favorable due to its low implementation cost, flexibility of wavelength division multiplexing, and compatibility with standard coherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-05 Anran Jin , Xingjian Zhang , Liang Jiang , Richard V. Penty , Pei Zeng

A high-speed Gaussian modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) with a local local oscillator (LLO) is experimentally demonstrated based on pilot-tone-assisted phase compensation. In the proposed scheme, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-22 Heng Wang , Yaodi Pi , Wei Huang , Yang Li , Yun Shao , Jie Yang , Jinlu Liu , Chenlin Zhang , Yichen Zhang , Bingjie Xu

Quantum properties of optical modes are typically assessed by observing their photon statistics or the distribution of their quadratures. Both particle- and wave-like behaviours deliver important information, and each may be used as a…

Continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) allows for quantum secure communication with the benefit of being close to existing classical coherent communication. In recent years, CV QKD protocols using a discrete number of…

Balanced homodyne detector (BHD) that can measure the field quadratures of coherent states has been widely used in a range of quantum information technologies. Generally, the BHD tends to suffer from narrow bands and an expanding bandwidth…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-11-08 Xiaoxiong Zhang , Yi-Chen Zhang , Zhengyu Li , Song Yu , Hong Guo

Photon number resolving detectors can enhance the performance of many practical quantum cryptographic setups. In this paper, we employ a simple method to estimate the statistics provided by such a photon number resolving detector using only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Tobias Moroder , Marcos Curty , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Quantum key distribution (QKD) permits information-theoretically secure transmission of digital encryption keys, assuming that the behaviour of the devices employed for the key exchange can be reliably modelled and predicted. Remarkably, no…

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols enable two distant parties to communicate with information-theoretically proven secrecy. However, these protocols are generally vulnerable to potential mismatches between the physical modeling and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 Corentin Lanore , Xavier Valcarce , Jean Etesse , Anthony Martin , Jean-Daniel Bancal

We propose a long-distance continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) with four-state protocol using non-Gaussian state-discrimination detection. A photon subtraction operation, which is deployed at the transmitter, is used for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-23 Qin Liao , Ying Guo , Duang Huang , Peng Huang , Guihua Zeng