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The assessment of source code in university education is a central and important task for lecturers of programming courses. In doing so, educators are confronted with growing numbers of students having increasingly diverse prerequisites, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Clemens Sauerwein , Tobias Antensteiner , Stefan Oppl , Iris Groher , Alexander Meschtscherjakov , Philipp Zech , Ruth Breu

Randomized experiments (a.k.a. A/B tests) are a powerful tool for estimating treatment effects, to inform decisions making in business, healthcare and other applications. In many problems, the treatment has a lasting effect that evolves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Ziyang Tang , Yiheng Duan , Stephanie Zhang , Lihong Li

Rubrics provide a flexible way to train LLMs on open-ended long-form answers where verifiable rewards are not applicable and human preferences provide coarse signals. Prior work shows that reinforcement learning with rubric-based rewards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 MohammadHossein Rezaei , Robert Vacareanu , Zihao Wang , Clinton Wang , Bing Liu , Yunzhong He , Afra Feyza Akyürek

This article is a gentle discussion about the field of reinforcement learning in practice, about opportunities and challenges, touching a broad range of topics, with perspectives and without technical details. The article is based on both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Yuxi Li

Both in academic and industry-based research, online evaluation methods are seen as the golden standard for interactive applications like recommendation systems. Naturally, the reason for this is that we can directly measure utility metrics…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Imad Aouali , Amine Benhalloum , Martin Bompaire , Benjamin Heymann , Olivier Jeunen , David Rohde , Otmane Sakhi , Flavian Vasile

Rubrics and oral feedback are approaches to help students improve performance and meet learning outcomes. However, their effect on the actual improvement achieved is inconclusive. This paper evaluates the effect of rubrics and oral feedback…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Sebastian Barney , Mahvish Khurum , Kai Petersen , Michael Unterkalmsteiner , Ronald Jabangwe

Oral exams were common historically across academia, though their popularity has recently fallen. Many argue against them as an assessment technique because they are vulnerable to bias and subjectivity, difficult to administer, and…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-09-15 Brian DiGiorgio Zanger

The use of validated conceptual assessments alongside more standard course exams has become standard practice for the introductory courses in many physics departments. These assessments provide a more standard measure of certain learning…

Education is being transformed by rapid advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI), including emerging Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI). Such technology can significantly support academics and students by automating monotonous tasks…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Wasiq Khan , Luke K. Topham , Peter Atherton , Raghad Al-Shabandar , Hoshang Kolivand , Iftikhar Khan , Abir Hussain

A recent paper evaluating a new rubric-based graduate admissions approach using generic methods tentatively suggested that its decisions differed noticeably from the previous approach in an unspecified way. Using prior knowledge that the…

Physics Education · Physics 2023-11-07 Michael B. Weissman

Reinforcement learning (RL) in the real world necessitates the development of procedures that enable agents to explore without causing harm to themselves or others. The most successful solutions to the problem of safe RL leverage offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Alexander Quessy , Thomas Richardson , Sebastian East

Human guidance is often desired in reinforcement learning to improve the performance of the learning agent. However, human insights are often mere opinions and educated guesses rather than well-formulated arguments. While opinions are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Kyanna Dagenais , Istvan David

Most of today's educators are in no shortage of digital and online learning technologies available at their fingertips, ranging from Learning Management Systems such as Canvas, Blackboard, or Moodle, online meeting tools, online homework,…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-12-13 Zhongzhou Chen , Chandralekha Singh

Recommendation systems have been integrated into the majority of large online systems to filter and rank information according to user profiles. It thus influences the way users interact with the system and, as a consequence, bias the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2015-11-05 Arnaud De Myttenaere , Boris Golden , Bénédicte Le Grand , Fabrice Rossi

The increasing availability of digital tools for education offers significant opportunities to enhance teaching practices and student engagement. This study presents a structured categorization of online educational tools based on their…

Physics Education · Physics 2025-06-23 Marina Babayeva

In the rapidly changing healthcare landscape, the implementation of offline reinforcement learning (RL) in dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) presents a mix of unprecedented opportunities and challenges. This position paper offers a critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Zhiyao Luo , Yangchen Pan , Peter Watkinson , Tingting Zhu

Evaluation of students' performance for the completion of courses has been a major problem for both students and faculties during the work-from-home period in this COVID pandemic situation. To this end, this paper presents an in-depth…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Vipul Bansal , Himanshu Buckchash , Balasubramanian Raman

Process mining (PM) aims to construct, from event logs, process maps that can help discover, automate, improve, and monitor organizational processes. Robotic process automation (RPA) uses software robots to perform some tasks usually…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Najah Mary El-Gharib , Daniel Amyot

The prevalence of online platforms and studies has generated the demand for automated grading tools, and as a result, there are plenty in the market. Such tools are developed to grade coding assignments quickly, accurately, and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Aditi Agrawal , Benjamin Reed

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as the key driver for post-training complex reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs), yet online RL introduces significant instability and computational overhead. Offline RL offers a compelling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Minjae Oh , Yunho Choi , Dongmin Choi , Yohan Jo