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Time averaging of weak values using the quantum transition path time probability distribution enables us to establish a general uncertainty principle for the weak values of two not necessarily Hermitian operators. This new principle is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-16 Eli Pollak , Salvador Miret-Artés

What does it take for real-deterministic c-valued (i.e., classical, commuting) variables to comply with the Heisenberg uncertainty principle? Here, we construct a class of real-deterministic c-valued variables out of the weak values…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-23 Agung Budiyono , Hermawan K. Dipojono

The products of weak values of quantum observables are shown to be of value in deriving quantum uncertainty and complementarity relations, for both weak and strong measurement statistics. First, a 'product representation formula' allows the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-08 Michael J. W. Hall , Arun Kumar Pati , Junde Wu

Introductory courses on quantum mechanics usually include lectures on uncertainty relations, typically the inequality derived by Robertson and, perhaps, other statements. For the benefit of the lecturers, we present a unified approach --…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-18 Berthold-Georg Englert

We show how the Schroedinger Uncertainty Relation for a pair of observables can be deduced using the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality plus successive applications of the commutation relation involving the two observables. Our derivation differs…

Physics Education · Physics 2015-08-26 Gustavo Rigolin

We analyze the Schwarz inequality and its generalizations, as well as inequalities resulting from the Jensen inequality. They are used in quantum theory to derive the Heisenberg-Robertson (HR) and Schroedinger-Robertson (SR) uncertainty…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-16 Krzysztof Urbanowski

We prove a few novel state-dependent uncertainty relations for product as well the sum of variances of two incompatible observables. These uncertainty relations are shown to be tighter than the Roberson-Schr\"odinger uncertainty relation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-24 Debasis Mondal , Shrobona Bagchi , Arun Kumar Pati

The canonical Robertson-Schr\"{o}dinger uncertainty relation provides a loose bound for the product of variances of two non-commuting observables. Recently, several tight forward and reverse uncertainty relations have been proved which go…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-06 Lei Xiao , Bowen Fan , Kunkun Wang , Arun Kumar Pati , Peng Xue

We prove uncertainty relations that quantitatively express the impossibility of jointly sharp preparation of pre- and post-selected quantum states for measuring incompatible observables during the weak measurement. By defining a suitable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-27 Arun Kumar Pati , Junde Wu

Uncertainty relations are usually formulated as trade-off relations between two or more observables. Here we show that the uncertainty of a single observable already has a nontrivial lower bound originating from the noncommutativity between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-27 Haruki Yamashita , Aina Mayumi , Gen Kimura

Heisenberg-Robertson's uncertainty relation expresses a limitation in the possible preparations of the system by giving a lower bound to the product of the variances of two observables in terms of their commutator. Notably, it does not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-07 Lorenzo Maccone , Arun K. Pati

Heisenberg and Schr{\"o}dinger uncertainty principles give lower bounds for the product of variances $Var_{\rho}(A)\cdot Var_{\rho}(B)$, in a state $\rho$, if the observables $A,B$ are not compatible, namely if the commutator $[A,B]$ is not…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 P. Gibilisco , D. Imparato , T. Isola

Uncertainty relations are one of the fundamental principles in physics. It began as a fundamental limitation in quantum mechanics, and today the word {\it uncertainty relation} is a generic term for various trade-off relations in nature. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-09 Hiroyasu Tajima , Hiroshi Nagaoka

We analyze the uncertainty relation for the sum of variances, which is called in some papers, the stronger uncertainty relation for all incompatible observables. We show that this uncertainty relation for the sum of variances of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-13 K. Urbanowski

We present a versatile inequality of uncertainty relations which are useful when one approximates an observable and/or estimates a physical parameter based on the measurement of another observable. It is shown that the optimal choice for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-22 Jaeha Lee , Izumi Tsutsui

Analyzing Heisenberg--Robertson (HR) and Schr\"{o}dinger uncertainty relations we found, that there can exist a large set of states of the quantum system under considerations, for which the lower bound of the product of the standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Krzysztof Urbanowski

We study the weak values of a quantum observable from the point of view of the Wigner formalism. The main actor is here the cross-Wigner transform of two functions, which is in disguise the cross-ambiguity function familiar from radar…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 Maurice A. de Gosson , Serge M. de Gosson

We describe space--time fluctuations by means of small fluctuations of the metric on a given background metric. From a minimally coupled Klein--Gordon equation we obtain within a weak-field approximation up to second order and an averaging…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Ertan Göklü , Claus Lämmerzahl

A universal formulation of uncertainty relations for quantum measurements is presented with additional focus on the representability of quantum observables by classical observables over a given state. Owing to the simplicity and operational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-01 Jaeha Lee

New sum and product uncertainty relations, containing variances of three or four observables, but not containing explicitly their covariances, are derived. One of consequences is the new inequality, giving a nonzero lower bound for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-14 V. V. Dodonov
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