Related papers: A minimalist model for co-evolving supply and drai…

Co-evolution exhibited by a network system, involving the intricate interplay between the dynamics of the network itself and the subsystems connected by it, is a key concept for understanding the self-organized, flexible nature of…

In many urban areas of the developing world, piped water is supplied only intermittently, as valves direct water to different parts of the water distribution system at different times. The flow is transient, and may transition between…

Many real-world networks, ranging from subway systems to polymer structures and fungal mycelia, do not form by the incremental addition of individual nodes but instead grow through the successive extension and intersection of lines or…

The hierarchy of channel networks in landscapes displays features that are characteristic of non-equilibrium complex systems. Here we show that a sequence of increasingly complex ridge and valley networks is produced by a system of partial…

A spatial network is constructed on a two dimensional space where the nodes are geometrical points located at randomly distributed positions which are labeled sequentially in increasing order of one of their co-ordinates. Starting with $N$…

Real-world growth processes and scalings have been broadly categorized into three growth regimes with distinctly different properties and driving forces. The first two are characterized by a positive and constant feedback between growth and…

For the problem of efficiently supplying material to a spatial region from a single source, we present a simple scaling argument based on branching network volume minimization that identifies limits to the scaling of sink density. We…

River networks serve as a paradigmatic example of all branching networks. Essential to understanding the overall structure of river networks is a knowledge of their detailed architecture. Here we show that sub-branches are distributed…

The changing topology of a network is driven by the need to maintain or optimize network function. As this function is often related to moving quantities such as traffic, information, etc. efficiently through the network the structure of…

Dynamical networks are powerful tools for modeling a broad range of complex systems, including financial markets, brains, and ecosystems. They encode how the basic elements (nodes) of these systems interact altogether (via links) and evolve…

Scaling in complex supply networks is a population-level optimization phenomenon thought to arise from the evolutions of the underlying individual networks, but the evolution-scaling connection has not been empirically demonstrated. Here,…

Networks in nature are often formed within a spatial domain in a dynamical manner, gaining links and nodes as they develop over time. We propose a class of spatially-based growing network models and investigate the relationship between the…

In this study, we investigate the complexity of two-phase flow (air/water) in a heterogeneous soil sample by using complex network theory, where the supposed porous media is non-deformable media, under the time-dependent gas pressure. Based…

Water distribution networks are hydraulic infrastructures that aim to meet water demands at their various nodes. Water flows through pipes in the network create nonlinear dynamics on networks. A desirable feature of water distribution…

Various natural and engineered systems, from urban traffic flow to the human brain, can be described by large-scale networked dynamical systems. These systems are similar in being comprised of a large number of microscopic subsystems, each…

The design of robust supply and distribution systems is one of the fundamental challenges at the interface of network science and logistics. Given the multitude of performance criteria, real-world constraints, and external influences acting…

Waste production, carbon dioxide atmospheric accumulation, and dependence on finite natural resources are expressions of the unsustainability of the current industrial networks that supply fuels, energy, and manufacturing products. In…

Flow networks are fundamental for understanding systems such as animal and plant vasculature or power distribution grids. These networks can encode, transmit, and transform information embodied in the spatial and temporal distribution of…

Landscapes evolve toward surfaces with complex networks of channels and ridges in response to climatic and tectonic forcing. Here we analyze variational principles giving rise to minimalist models of landscape evolution as a system of…

Many complex systems can be described in terms of networks of interacting units. Recent studies have shown that a wide class of both natural and artificial nets display a surprisingly widespread feature: the presence of highly heterogeneous…