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A multidimensional financial system could provide benefits for individuals, companies, and states. Instead of top-down control, which is destined to eventually fail in a hyperconnected world, a bottom-up creation of value can unleash…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-12-30 Kaj-Kolja Kleineberg , Dirk Helbing

Play-to-earn is one of the prospective categories of decentralized applications. The play-to-earn projects combine blockchain technology with entertaining games and finance, attracting various participants. While huge amounts of capital…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Jingfan Yu , Mengqian Zhang , Xi Chen , Zhixuan Fang

Token economics has emerged as a useful lens for understanding resource allocation, value creation, and pricing in large language model systems. While recent work has increasingly treated tokens as economic primitives, there remains a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ou Wu , Yingjun Deng

Two of the most important technological advancements currently underway are the advent of quantum technologies, and the transitioning of global financial systems towards cryptographic assets, notably blockchain-based cryptocurrencies and…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2021-02-02 Peter P. Rohde , Vijay Mohan , Sinclair Davidson , Chris Berg , Darcy Allen , Gavin K. Brennen , Jason Potts

We outline a token model for Truebit, a retrofitting, blockchain enhancement which enables secure, community-based computation. The model addresses the challenge of stable task pricing, as raised in the Truebit whitepaper, without appealing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-09 Jason Teutsch , Sami Mäkelä , Surya Bakshi

This paper presents the first empirical analysis of how diverse token-based reward mechanisms impact platform dynamics and user behaviors. For this, we gather a unique, large-scale dataset from Farcaster. This blockchain-based,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Wen Yang , Qiming Ye , Onur Ascigil , Saidu Sokoto , Leonhard Balduf , Michał Król , Gareth Tyson

Climate change and global warming are the significant challenges of the new century. A viable solution to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions is via a globally incentivized market mechanism proposed in the Kyoto protocol. In this view, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Soheil Saraji , Mike Borowczak

Self-interested behavior in sharing economies often leads to inefficient aggregate outcomes compared to a centrally coordinated allocation, ultimately harming users. Yet, centralized coordination removes individual decision power. This…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Leonardo Pedroso , Andrea Agazzi , W. P. M. H. Heemels , Mauro Salazar

We formalize the construction of decentralized data markets by introducing the mathematical construction of tokenized data structures, a new form of incentivized data structure. These structures both specialize and extend past work on token…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-04 Bharath Ramsundar , Roger Chen , Alok Vasudev , Rob Robbins , Artur Gorokh

The convergence of blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) has led to the emergence of AI-based tokens, which are cryptographic assets designed to power decentralized AI platforms and services. This paper provides a comprehensive review…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Rischan Mafrur

In economies without monetary transfers, token systems serve as an alternative to sustain cooperation, alleviate free riding, and increase efficiency. This paper studies whether a token-based economy can be effective in marketplaces with…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Itai Ashlagi , Süleyman Kerimov , Omer Tamuz , Geng Zhao

Current approaches to AI governance often fall short in anticipating a future where AI agents manage critical tasks, such as financial operations, administrative functions, and beyond. While cryptocurrencies could serve as the foundation…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Tomer Jordi Chaffer

Data sharing is very important for accelerating scientific research, business innovations, and for informing individuals. Yet, concerns over data privacy, cost, and lack of secure data-sharing solutions have prevented data owners from…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Vikas Jaiman , Leonard Pernice , Visara Urovi

This paper proposes a model that enables permissionless and decentralized networks for complex computations. We explore the integration and optimize load balancing in an open, decentralized computational network. Our model leverages…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-01-03 German Rodikov

There are different interpretations of the terms "tokens" and "token-based systems" in the literature around blockchain and digital currencies although the distinction between token-based and account-based systems is well entrenched in…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-09-21 Aldar C-F. Chan

Infrastructure is critical for enabling society to function and the economy to thrive, but there is an increasing mismatch between the need for infrastructure investments and available capital, which is in consequence of constraints on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Yifeng Tian , Chaofeng Wang , Ashish Asutosh , Junghoon Woo , Peter Adriaens

Cryptocurrencies and Blockchain-based technologies are disrupting all markets. While the potential of such technologies remains to be seen, there is a current need to understand emergent patterns of user behavior and token adoption in order…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Alfredo J. Morales , Shahar Somin , Yaniv Altshuler , Alex 'Sandy' Pentland

Cryptocurrency refers to a type of digital asset that uses distributed ledger, or blockchain, technology to enable a secure transaction. Although the technology is widely misunderstood, many central banks are considering launching their own…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-07-30 Wolfgang Karl Härdle , Campbell R. Harvey , Raphael C. G. Reule

The rise of fast communication media both at the core and at the edge has resulted in unprecedented numbers of sophisticated and intelligent wireless IoT devices. Tactile Internet has enabled the interaction between humans and machines…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-09-28 Ismaeel Al Ridhawi , Moayad Aloqaily , Yaser Jararweh

There is always demand for integrating data into microeconomic decision making. Participatory sensing deals with how real-world data may be extracted with stakeholder participation and resolves a problem of Big Data, which is concerned with…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Michael T. C. Chiu , Sachit Mahajan , Mark C. Ballandies , Uroš V. Kalabić