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Motivated by its appearance as a limiting distribution for random and non-random sums of independent random variables, in this paper we develop Stein's method for approximation by the asymmetric Laplace distribution. Our results generalise…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Fraser Daly , Robert E. Gaunt , Heather L. Sutcliffe

We introduce the observable Wasserstein distance, a framework for deriving lower bounds on the Wasserstein distance between probability measures on Polish metric spaces, designed to bypass the computational intractability of exact optimal…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Edivaldo Lopes dos Santos , Leandro Vicente Mauri , Washington Mio , Tom Needham

We propose a novel method for comparing non-aligned graphs of different sizes, based on the Wasserstein distance between graph signal distributions induced by the respective graph Laplacian matrices. Specifically, we cast a new formulation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-16 Hermina Petric Maretic , Mireille El Gheche , Matthias Minder , Giovanni Chierchia , Pascal Frossard

Statistical inference can be performed by minimizing, over the parameter space, the Wasserstein distance between model distributions and the empirical distribution of the data. We study asymptotic properties of such minimum Wasserstein…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-05-13 Espen Bernton , Pierre E. Jacob , Mathieu Gerber , Christian P. Robert

We develop Stein's method for $\alpha$-stable approximation with $\alpha\in(0,1]$, continuing the recent line of research by Xu \cite{lihu} and Chen, Nourdin and Xu \cite{C-N-X} in the case $\alpha\in(1,2).$ The main results include an…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-04-16 Peng Chen , Ivan Nourdin , Lihu Xu , Xiaochuan Yang , Rui Zhang

We develop Stein's method for the half-normal distribution and apply it to derive rates of convergence in distributional limit theorems for three statistics of the simple symmetric random walk: the maximum value, the number of returns to…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-11-24 Christian Döbler

We introduce the Wasserstein Transform (WT), a general unsupervised framework for updating distance structures on given data sets with the purpose of enhancing features and denoising. Our framework represents each data point by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Kun Jin , Facundo Mémoli , Zane Smith , Zhengchao Wan

We derive Stein approximation bounds for functionals of uniform random variables, using chaos expansions and the Clark-Ocone representation formula combined with derivation and finite difference operators. This approach covers sums and…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-02-28 Nicolas Privault , Grzegorz Serafin

We introduce a new version of Stein's method that reduces a large class of normal approximation problems to variance bounding exercises, thus making a connection between central limit theorems and concentration of measure. Unlike Skorokhod…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-09-29 Sourav Chatterjee

The analysis of samples of random objects that do not lie in a vector space is gaining increasing attention in statistics. An important class of such object data is univariate probability measures defined on the real line. Adopting the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-07 Yaqing Chen , Zhenhua Lin , Hans-Georg Müller

We use Stein's method to provide non asymptotic $L^1$ bounds to the normal for functionals of associated point processes. As for supporting tools, we use the connection between association and $\alpha$-mixing properties that was recently…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-04-03 Nathakhun Wiroonsri

In this paper we extend Stein's method to the distribution of the product of $n$ independent mean zero normal random variables. A Stein equation is obtained for this class of distributions, which reduces to the classical normal Stein…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-05-30 Robert E. Gaunt

In a recent paper, Gaunt 2020 extended Stein's method to limit distributions that can be represented as a function $g:\mathbb{R}^d\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ of a centered multivariate normal random vector $\Sigma^{1/2}\mathbf{Z}$ with…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-09-21 Robert E. Gaunt , Heather Sutcliffe

This paper introduces a comprehensive framework to adjust a discrete test statistic for improving its hypothesis testing procedure. The adjustment minimizes the Wasserstein distance to a null-approximating continuous distribution, tackling…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-13 Gonzalo Contador , Zheyang Wu

In this article, we present the theoretical basis for an approach to Stein's method for probability distributions on Riemannian manifolds. Using a semigroup representation for the solution to the Stein equation, we use tools from stochastic…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-28 James Thompson

This paper develops a new direct approach to approximating suprema of general empirical processes by a sequence of suprema of Gaussian processes, without taking the route of approximating whole empirical processes in the sup-norm. We prove…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-08-19 Victor Chernozhukov , Denis Chetverikov , Kengo Kato

Bayesian inference typically requires the computation of an approximation to the posterior distribution. An important requirement for an approximate Bayesian inference algorithm is to output high-accuracy posterior mean and uncertainty…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-03 Jonathan H. Huggins , Trevor Campbell , Mikołaj Kasprzak , Tamara Broderick

Narayana numbers appear in many places in combinatorics and probability, and it is known that they are asymptotically normal. Using Stein's method of exchangeable pairs, we provide an error of approximation in total variation to a symmetric…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-05-13 Jason Fulman , Adrian Röllin

We obtain bounds to quantify the distributional approximation in the delta method for vector statistics (the sample mean of $n$ independent random vectors) for normal and non-normal limits, measured using smooth test functions. For normal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-05-11 Robert E. Gaunt , Heather Sutcliffe

This paper considers the problem of regression over distributions, which is becoming increasingly important in machine learning. Existing approaches often ignore the geometry of the probability space or are computationally expensive. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Maksim Maslov , Alexander Kugaevskikh , Matthew Ivanov