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Achieving the goals in the title (and others) relies on a cardinality-wise scanning of the ideals of the poset. Specifically, the relevant numbers attached to the k+1 element ideals are inferred from the corresponding numbers of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-04-26 Marcel Wild

A new mathematical notation is proposed for the iteration of functions. It facilitates the application of the iteration of functions in mathematical and logical expressions, definitions of sets, and formulations of algorithms. Illustrations…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2012-07-03 Valerii Salov

Stochastic iterative methods are useful in a variety of large-scale numerical linear algebraic, machine learning, and statistical problems, in part due to their low-memory footprint. They are frequently used in a variety of applications,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-27 Toby Anderson , Max Collins , Jamie Haddock , Jackie Lok , Elizaveta Rebrova

This paper investigates integer multiplication of continued fractions using geometric structures. In particular, this paper shows that integer multiplication of a continued fraction can be represented by replacing one triangulation of an…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-09-28 J. Blackman

We analyze properties of the 2-adic valuations of an integer sequence that originates from an explicit evaluation of a quartic integral. We also give a combinatorial interpretation of the valuations of this sequence. Connections with the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-07-17 Tewodros Amdeberhan , Dante Manna , Victor H. Moll

This paper introduces prime holdout problems, a problem class related to the Collatz conjecture. After applying a linear function, instead of removing a finite set of prime factors, a holdout problem specifies a set of primes to be…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-07-19 Max Milkert , Alex Ruchti , Josiah Yoder

We prove a structural result for sets of integers with doubling at most $4 + \delta$, with $\delta>0$ sufficiently small. This generalises earlier work of Eberhard--Green--Manners which dealt with sets of integers with doubling strictly…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Yifan Jing , Akshat Mudgal

We define generalized Collatz mappings on free abelian groups of finite rank and study their iteration trajectories. Using geometric arguments we describe cones of points having a divergent trajectory and we deduce lower bounds for the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-25 Steffen Kionke

Professor Cadogan at the University of the West Indies identified special starting points that yield long subsequences where the normalization constant, k, is always one. I studied these special sequences and found an implicit mixed integer…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-08-23 Thomas W. Lynch

We present bijections between four classes of combinatorial objects. Two of them, the class of unlabeled (2+2)-free posets and a certain class of involutions (or chord diagrams), already appeared in the literature, but were apparently not…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-26 Mireille Bousquet-Mélou , Anders Claesson , Mark Dukes , Sergey Kitaev

Lagrange's four squares theorem is a classical theorem in number theory. Recently, Z.-W. Sun found that it can be further refined in various ways. In this paper we study some conjectures of Sun and obtain various refinements of Lagrange's…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-07-09 Yu-Chen Sun , Zhi-Wei Sun

The construction of a generic representation of $g\ell(n+1)$ or of the trigonomentric deformation of its enveloping algebra known as algebraic induction is conveniently formulated in term of Lax matrices. The Lax matrix of the constructed…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 S. Derkachov , D. Karakhanyan , R. Kirschner , P. Valinevich

The one way function based on the Collatz problem is proposed. It is based on the problem's conditional branching structure which is not considered as important even the 3x+1 question is quite famous. The analysis shows why the problem is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Rade Vuckovac

The (3x+1)-Map, T, acts on the set, Pi, of positive integers not divisible by 2 or 3. It is defined by T(x) = (3x+1)/2^k, where k is the largest integer for which T(x) is an integer. The (3x+1)-Conjecture asks if for every x in Pi there…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alex V. Kontorovich , Yakov G. Sinai

We describe a new algorithm for verifying the Collatz conjecture for all n < 2^N for some fixed N. The algorithm takes less than twice as long to verify convergence for all n < 2^{N+1} as it does to verify convergence for all n < 2^N. We…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Vigleik Angeltveit

In this article we present set of infinite natural numbers which satisfies the conjecture $3n+1$.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2016-08-05 G. H. S. Costa , A. C. Souza Filho

We reduce the Collatz conjecture to a fixed-modulus, one-bit orbit-mixing problem. Working with the compressed odd-to-odd Collatz map, we prove exact low-depth decomposition formulas at depths K = 3, 4, 5, reducing block-discrepancy terms…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Edward Y. Chang

Two general methods for establishing the logarithmic behavior of recursively defined sequences of real numbers are presented. One is the interlacing method, and the other one is based on calculus. Both methods are used to prove logarithmic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Tomislav Došlić , Darko Veljan

We introduce an algorithm that conjectures the structure of a permutation class in the form of a disjoint cover of "rules"; similar to generalized grid classes. The cover is usually easily verified by a human and translated into an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-12 Christian Bean , Bjarki Gudmundsson , Henning Ulfarsson

A tuple (Z_1,...,Z_p) of matrices of size r is said to be a commuting extension of a tuple (A_1,...,A_p) of matrices of size n <r if the Z_i pairwise commute and each A_i sits in the upper left corner of a block decomposition of Z_i. This…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Pascal Koiran