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Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising approach for robotic control, but its realworld deployment remains challenging due to its vulnerability to environmental perturbations. Existing white-box adversarial attack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Zongyuan Zhang , Tianyang Duan , Zheng Lin , Dong Huang , Zihan Fang , Zekai Sun , Ling Xiong , Hongbin Liang , Heming Cui , Yong Cui , Yue Gao

While Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning (GCRL) has gained attention, its algorithmic robustness against adversarial perturbations remains unexplored. The attacks and robust representation training methods that are designed for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Xiangyu Yin , Sihao Wu , Jiaxu Liu , Meng Fang , Xingyu Zhao , Xiaowei Huang , Wenjie Ruan

Adversarial attacks and robustness in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) have been widely studied in various threat models; however, few consider environmental state perturbations, which are natural in embodied scenarios. To improve the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Chenxu Wang , Huaping Liu

Safe reinforcement learning (Safe RL) aims to ensure policy performance while satisfying safety constraints. However, most existing Safe RL methods assume benign environments, making them vulnerable to adversarial perturbations commonly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Jialiang Fan , Shixiong Jiang , Mengyu Liu , Fanxin Kong

We study reward poisoning attacks on online deep reinforcement learning (DRL), where the attacker is oblivious to the learning algorithm used by the agent and the dynamics of the environment. We demonstrate the intrinsic vulnerability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Yinglun Xu , Qi Zeng , Gagandeep Singh

Adversarial training is a defense method that trains machine learning models on intentionally perturbed attack inputs, so they learn to be robust against adversarial examples. This paper develops a robust voltage control framework for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-26 Sungjoo Chung , Ying Zhang

Advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) have been remarkable in recent years. However, the limitations of traditional training methods have become increasingly evident, particularly in meta-RL settings where agents face new, unseen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Ramnath Kumar , Tristan Deleu , Yoshua Bengio

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has gained widespread adoption in control and decision-making tasks due to its strong performance in dynamic environments. However, DRL agents are vulnerable to noisy observations and adversarial attacks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Derui Wang , Kristen Moore , Diksha Goel , Minjune Kim , Gang Li , Yang Li , Robin Doss , Minhui Xue , Bo Li , Seyit Camtepe , Liming Zhu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents demonstrating proficiency in a training environment exhibit vulnerability to adversarial perturbations in input observations during deployment. This underscores the importance of building a robust agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Tung M. Luu , Haeyong Kang , Tri Ton , Thanh Nguyen , Chang D. Yoo

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in sequential decision tasks. However, recent studies have revealed the vulnerability of RL policies to different perturbations, raising concerns about their effectiveness and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Buqing Nie , Yangqing Fu , Jingtian Ji , Yue Gao

Evaluating the worst-case performance of a reinforcement learning (RL) agent under the strongest/optimal adversarial perturbations on state observations (within some constraints) is crucial for understanding the robustness of RL agents.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Yanchao Sun , Ruijie Zheng , Yongyuan Liang , Furong Huang

In real-world tasks, reinforcement learning (RL) agents frequently encounter situations that are not present during training time. To ensure reliable performance, the RL agents need to exhibit robustness against worst-case situations. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Sebastian Curi , Ilija Bogunovic , Andreas Krause

Recent studies show that Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which attack DRL models by adding small perturbations to the observations. However, some attacks assume full availability of the victim…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Xinlei Pan , Chaowei Xiao , Warren He , Shuang Yang , Jian Peng , Mingjie Sun , Jinfeng Yi , Zijiang Yang , Mingyan Liu , Bo Li , Dawn Song

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has recently been used to perform efficient resource allocation in wireless communications. In this paper, the vulnerabilities of such DRL agents to adversarial attacks is studied. In particular, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Feng Wang , M. Cenk Gursoy , Senem Velipasalar

Deep reinforcement learning models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks that can decrease a victim's cumulative expected reward by manipulating the victim's observations. Despite the efficiency of previous optimization-based methods for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 You Qiaoben , Chengyang Ying , Xinning Zhou , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Bo Zhang

Meta Reinforcement Learning (MRL) enables an agent to learn from a limited number of past trajectories and extrapolate to a new task. In this paper, we attempt to improve the robustness of MRL. We build upon model-agnostic meta-learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Shiqi Chen , Zhengyu Chen , Donglin Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved enormous progress in solving various sequential decision-making problems, such as control tasks in robotics. Since policies are overfitted to training environments, RL methods have often failed to be…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Xiao Wang , Saasha Nair , Matthias Althoff

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) policies are known to be vulnerable to adversarial perturbations to their observations, similar to adversarial examples for classifiers. However, an attacker is not usually able to directly modify another…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Adam Gleave , Michael Dennis , Cody Wild , Neel Kant , Sergey Levine , Stuart Russell

Robustness to modeling errors and uncertainties remains a central challenge in reinforcement learning (RL). In this work, we address this challenge by leveraging diffusion models to train robust RL policies. Diffusion models have recently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Daniele Foffano , Alessio Russo , Alexandre Proutiere

Adversarial training in reinforcement learning (RL) is challenging because perturbations cascade through trajectories and compound over time, making fixed-strength attacks either overly destructive or too conservative. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Lucas Schott , Elies Gherbi , Hatem Hajri , Sylvain Lamprier