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As urban populations continue to grow, cities face numerous challenges in managing parking and determining occupancy. This issue is particularly pronounced in university campuses, where students need to find vacant parking spots quickly and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Madyan Bagosher , Tala Mustafa , Mohammad Alsmirat , Amal Al-Ali , Isam Mashhour Al Jawarneh

Public road authorities and private mobility service providers need information derived from the current and predicted traffic states to act upon the daily urban system and its spatial and temporal dynamics. In this research, a real-time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Jesper Provoost , Luc Wismans , Sander Van der Drift , Andreas Kamilaris , Maurice Van Keulen

A deep learning model is applied for predicting block-level parking occupancy in real time. The model leverages Graph-Convolutional Neural Networks (GCNN) to extract the spatial relations of traffic flow in large-scale networks, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Shuguan Yang , Wei Ma , Xidong Pi , Sean Qian

Urbanization is a common phenomenon in developing countries and it poses serious challenges when not managed effectively. Lack of proper planning and management may cause the encroachment of urban fabrics into reserved or special regions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Daniel Omeiza

In smart cities, it is common practice to define a maximum length of stay for a given parking space to increase the space's rotativity and discourage the usage of individual transportation solutions. However, automatically determining…

Accurately forecasting the future movements of surrounding vehicles is essential for safe and efficient operations of autonomous driving cars. This task is difficult because a vehicle's moving trajectory is greatly determined by its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Jiacheng Pan , Hongyi Sun , Kecheng Xu , Yifei Jiang , Xiangquan Xiao , Jiangtao Hu , Jinghao Miao

We investigate the problem of predicting driver behavior in parking lots, an environment which is less structured than typical road networks and features complex, interactive maneuvers in a compact space. Using the CARLA simulator, we…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Xu Shen , Ivo Batkovic , Vijay Govindarajan , Paolo Falcone , Trevor Darrell , Francesco Borrelli

Smart cities around the world have begun monitoring parking areas in order to estimate available parking spots and help drivers looking for parking. The current results are promising, indeed. However, existing approaches are limited by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Andrei Ionita , André Pomp , Michael Cochez , Tobias Meisen , Stefan Decker

Mobility in urban and interurban areas, mainly by cars, is a day-to-day activity of many people. However, some of its main drawbacks are traffic jams and accidents. Newly made vehicles have pre-installed driving evaluation systems, which…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Oscar Romero , Aika Silveira Miura , Lorena Parra , Jaime Lloret

Many studies suggest that searching for parking is associated with significant direct and indirect costs. Therefore, it is appealing to reduce the time which car drivers spend on finding an available parking lot, especially in urban areas…

Applications · Statistics 2021-06-14 Marc Schneble , Göran Kauermann

Autonomous parking is a crucial task in the intelligent driving field. Traditional parking algorithms are usually implemented using rule-based schemes. However, these methods are less effective in complex parking scenarios due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Changze Li , Ziheng Ji , Zhe Chen , Tong Qin , Ming Yang

We present a queuing model of parking dynamics and a model-based prediction method to provide real-time probabilistic forecasts of future parking occupancy. The queuing model has a non-homogeneous arrival rate and time-varying service time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Hamidreza Tavafoghi , Kameshwar Poolla , Pravin Varaiya

Parking guidance systems have recently become a popular trend as a part of the smart cities' paradigm of development. The crucial part of such systems is the algorithm allowing drivers to search for available parking lots across regions of…

Research on connected vehicles represents a continuously evolving technological domain, fostered by the emerging Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm and the recent advances in intelligent transportation systems. Nowadays, vehicles are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-04 Luca Varotto , Angelo Cenedese

In this paper, we propose a machine learning-based approach to address the lack of ability for designers to optimize urban land use planning from the perspective of vehicle travel demand. Research shows that our computational model can help…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Zixun Huang , Hao Zheng

Real-time parking occupancy information is critical for a parking management system to facilitate drivers to park more efficiently. Recent advances in connected and automated vehicle technologies enable sensor-equipped cars (probe cars) to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-16 Xinyi Wu , Kartik Balkumar , Qi Luo , Robert Hampshire , Romesh Saigal

In this paper, we propose a new macro-micro approach to modeling parking. We first develop a microscopic parking simulation model considering both on- and off-street parking with limited capacity. In the microscopic model, a parking search…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-29 Ziyuan Gu , Farshid Safarighouzhdib , Meead Saberi , Taha H. Rashidi

Long-term situation prediction plays a crucial role in the development of intelligent vehicles. A major challenge still to overcome is the prediction of complex downtown scenarios with multiple road users, e.g., pedestrians, bikes, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Stefan Hoermann , Martin Bach , Klaus Dietmayer

Finding parking consumes a disproportionate share of food delivery time, yet no system addresses precise parking-spot selection relative to merchant entrances. We propose ParkSense, a framework that repurposes idle compute during low-risk…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Die Hu , Henan Li

Current navigation systems conflate time-to-drive with the true time-to-arrive by ignoring parking search duration and the final walking leg. Such underestimation can significantly affect user experience, mode choice, congestion, and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-03 Cameron Hickert , Sirui Li , Zhengbing He , Cathy Wu
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