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Systematic generalization is the ability to combine known parts into novel meaning; an important aspect of efficient human learning, but a weakness of neural network learning. In this work, we investigate how two well-known modeling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Laura Ruis , Brenden Lake

Symbolic regression algorithms search a space of mathematical expressions for formulas that explain given data. Transformer-based models have emerged as a promising, scalable approach shifting the expensive combinatorial search to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Henrik Voigt , Paul Kahlmeyer , Kai Lawonn , Michael Habeck , Joachim Giesen

Source code processing heavily relies on the methods widely used in natural language processing (NLP), but involves specifics that need to be taken into account to achieve higher quality. An example of this specificity is that the semantics…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Nadezhda Chirkova

Change-prone classes or modules are defined as software components in the source code which are likely to change in the future. Change-proneness prediction is useful to the maintenance team as they can optimize and focus their testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-12-22 Lov Kumar , Ashish Sureka

In the past years, deep learning models have been successfully applied in several cognitive tasks. Originally inspired by neuroscience, these models are specific examples of differentiable programs. In this paper we define and motivate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Adrián Hernández , Gilles Millerioux , José M. Amigó

Large Transformer models achieved the state-of-the-art status for Natural Language Understanding tasks and are increasingly becoming the baseline model architecture for modeling source code. Transformers are usually pre-trained on large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Andrei Zlotchevski , Dawn Drain , Alexey Svyatkovskiy , Colin Clement , Neel Sundaresan , Michele Tufano

Pre-trained models of code built on the transformer architecture have performed well on software engineering (SE) tasks such as predictive code generation, code summarization, among others. However, whether the vector representations from…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Anjan Karmakar , Romain Robbes

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for mining different program features by analysing the internal behaviour of a deep neural network trained on source code. Using an unlabelled dataset of Java programs and three different embedding…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Martina Saletta , Claudio Ferretti

Neural program embedding has shown potential in aiding the analysis of large-scale, complicated software. Newly proposed deep neural architectures pride themselves on learning program semantics rather than superficial syntactic features.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Ke Wang

The extent to which neural networks are able to acquire and represent symbolic rules remains a key topic of research and debate. Much current work focuses on the impressive capabilities of large language models, as well as their often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Anna Langedijk , Jaap Jumelet , Willem Zuidema

Neural sequence models trained with maximum likelihood estimation have led to breakthroughs in many tasks, where success is defined by the gap between training and test performance. However, their ability to achieve stronger forms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Sean Welleck , Peter West , Jize Cao , Yejin Choi

Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is a fundamental structure in deep learning. Recently, some works study the training process of over-parameterized neural networks, and show that over-parameterized networks can learn functions in some notable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Lifu Wang , Bo Shen , Bo Hu , Xing Cao

Large-scale transformers achieve impressive results on program synthesis benchmarks, yet their true generalization capabilities remain obscured by data contamination and opaque training corpora. To rigorously assess whether models are truly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Henrik Voigt , Michael Habeck , Joachim Giesen

Code summarization and generation empower conversion between programming language (PL) and natural language (NL), while code translation avails the migration of legacy code from one PL to another. This paper introduces PLBART, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Wasi Uddin Ahmad , Saikat Chakraborty , Baishakhi Ray , Kai-Wei Chang

The emergence of online open source repositories in the recent years has led to an explosion in the volume of openly available source code, coupled with metadata that relate to a variety of software development activities. As an effect, in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Vasiliki Efstathiou , Diomidis Spinellis

Applying machine learning to tasks that operate with code changes requires their numerical representation. In this work, we propose an approach for obtaining such representations during pre-training and evaluate them on two different…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Mikhail Pravilov , Egor Bogomolov , Yaroslav Golubev , Timofey Bryksin

We present a neural model for representing snippets of code as continuous distributed vectors ("code embeddings"). The main idea is to represent a code snippet as a single fixed-length $\textit{code vector}$, which can be used to predict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Uri Alon , Meital Zilberstein , Omer Levy , Eran Yahav

Source code summarization -- creating natural language descriptions of source code behavior -- is a rapidly-growing research topic with applications to automatic documentation generation, program comprehension, and software maintenance.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-02-07 Alexander LeClair , Siyuan Jiang , Collin McMillan

Though neural network models demonstrate impressive performance, we do not understand exactly how these black-box models make individual predictions. This drawback has led to substantial research devoted to understand these models in areas…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Serena Booth , Ankit Shah , Yilun Zhou , Julie Shah

Grounded language models use external sources of information, such as knowledge graphs, to meet some of the general challenges associated with pre-training. By extending previous work on compositional generalization in semantic parsing, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Sondre Wold , Étienne Simon , Lucas Georges Gabriel Charpentier , Egor V. Kostylev , Erik Velldal , Lilja Øvrelid