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Sorting algorithms are fundamental to computer science, and their correctness criteria are well understood as rearranging elements of a list according to a specified total order on the underlying set of elements. As mathematical functions,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Vikraman Choudhury , Wind Wong

Let $\mathcal D_n$ denote the average number of iterations of West's stack-sorting map $s$ that are needed to sort a permutation in $S_n$ into the identity permutation $123\cdots n$. We prove that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-29 Colin Defant

We investigate how sorting algorithms efficiently overcome the exponential size of the permutation space. Our main contribution is a new continuous-time formulation of sorting as a gradient flow on the permutohedron, yielding an independent…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Jonathan Landers

We study permutations in $S_n$ that simultaneously avoid the pattern $132$ and satisfy the adjacency bound $|\pi_{i+1} - \pi_i| \leq m$ for all $i$, denoting their number by $A_n^{(m)}$. This combination of a global pattern restriction and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-27 Nathaniel Nadler

In a recent paper, Backelin, West and Xin describe a map $\phi ^*$ that recursively replaces all occurrences of the pattern $k... 21$ in a permutation $\sigma$ by occurrences of the pattern $(k-1)... 21 k$. The resulting permutation…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-05-05 Mireille Bousquet-Melou , Einar Steingrimsson

Define $S_n(R;T)$ to be the number of permutations on $n$ letters which avoid all patterns in the set $R$ and contain each pattern in the multiset $T$ exactly once. In this paper we enumerate $S_n(\{\alpha\};\{\beta\})$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Aaron Robertson

The goal of this paper is to construct systematic error-correcting codes for permutations and multi-permutations in the Kendall's $\tau$-metric. These codes are important in new applications such as rank modulation for flash memories. The…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-04-22 Sarit Buzaglo , Eitan Yaakobi , Tuvi Etzion , Jehoshua Bruck

We show that for any permutation $\pi$ there exists an integer $k_{\pi}$ such that every permutation avoiding $\pi$ as a pattern is a product of at most $k_{\pi}$ separable permutations. In other words, every strict class $\mathcal C$ of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-08 Édouard Bonnet , Romain Bourneuf , Colin Geniet , Stéphan Thomassé

Graded posets frequently arise throughout combinatorics, where it is natural to try to count the number of elements of a fixed rank. These counting problems are often $\#\textbf{P}$-complete, so we consider approximation algorithms for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Prateek Bhakta , Ben Cousins , Matthew Fahrbach , Dana Randall

Dokos et. al. studied the distribution of two statistics over permutations $\mathfrak{S}_n$ of $\{1,2,\dots, n\}$ that avoid one or more length three patterns. A permutation $\sigma\in\mathfrak{S}_n$ contains a pattern…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-26 Samantha Dahlberg

Enumeration of pattern-avoiding objects is an active area of study with connections to such disparate regions of mathematics as Schubert varieties and stack-sortable sequences. Recent research in this area has brought attention to colored…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-06-15 Adam M. Goyt , Lara K. Pudwell

In this paper we study different restrictions imposed over the set of permutations of size $n$, $S_n$, and for specific classes of restrictions study the cycle structure of corresponding permutations. More specifically, we prove that for…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-01-30 Enes Ozel

We prove a lower and an upper bound on the number of block moves necessary to sort a permutation. We put our results in contrast with existing results on sorting by block transpositions, and raise some open questions.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-06-18 Miklos Bona , Ryan Flynn

The study of pattern avoidance in permutations, and specifically in flattened partitions is an active area of current research. In this paper, we count the number of distinct flattened partitions over [n] avoiding a single pattern, as well…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-17 Olivia Nabawanda , Fanja Rakotondrajao

We define a new statistic $\mathsf{sor}$ on the set of colored permutations $\mathsf{G}_{r,n}$ and prove that it has the same distribution as the length function. For the set of restricted colored permutations corresponding to the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-08 Sen-Peng Eu , Yuan-Hsun Lo , Tsai-Lien Wong

Baxter permutations are a class of permutations which are in bijection with a class of floorplans that arise in chip design called mosaic floorplans. We study a subclass of mosaic floorplans called $HFO_k$ defined from mosaic floorplans by…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-03-14 Shankar Balachandran , Sajin Koroth

We study the problem of counting alternating permutations avoiding collections of permutation patterns including 132. We construct a bijection between the set S_n(132) of 132-avoiding permutations and the set A_{2n + 1}(132) of alternating,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-03-30 Joel Brewster Lewis

Motivation coming from the study of affine Weyl groups, a structure of ranked poset is defined on the set of circular permutations in $S_n$ (that is, $n$-cycles). It is isomorphic to the poset of so-called admitted vectors, and to an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-14 Antoine Abram , Nathan Chapelier-Laget , Christophe Reutenauer

In the 60's, Knuth introduced stack-sorting and serial compositions of stacks. In particular, one significant question arise out of the work of Knuth: how to decide efficiently if a given permutation is sortable with 2 stacks in series?…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-03-20 Adeline Pierrot , Dominique Rossin

In this paper we describe a variation of the classical permutation decoding algorithm that can be applied to any affine-invariant code with respect to certain type of information sets. In particular, we can apply it to the family of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-13 José Joaquín Bernal , Juan Jacobo Simón