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Human annotation remains the foundation of reliable and interpretable data in Natural Language Processing (NLP). As annotation and evaluation tasks continue to expand, from categorical labelling to segmentation, subjective judgment, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Joseph James

Prior work on code comprehension uses different comprehension proxies-for example, Likert-scale ratings or answers to input-output questions about program snippets, usually collected from students, to approximate whether code is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Erfan Arvan , Nadeeshan De Silva , Oscar Chaparro , Martin Kellogg

Objective: To present an overview on the current state of the art concerning metrics-based quality evaluation of software components and component assemblies. Method: Comparison of several approaches available in the literature, using a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2011-10-03 Miguel Goulão , Fernando Brito e Abreu

In the context of quantum-classical hybrid computing, evaluating analysability, which is the ease of understanding and modifying software, presents significant challenges due to the complexity and novelty of quantum algorithms. Although…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Díaz-Muñoz Ana , Cruz-Lemus José A. , Rodríguez Moisés , Piattini Mario , Baldassarre Maria Teresa

We present a safety verification framework for design-time and run-time assurance of learning-based components in aviation systems. Our proposed framework integrates two novel methodologies. From the design-time assurance perspective, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-17 Ali Baheri , Hao Ren , Benjamin Johnson , Pouria Razzaghi , Peng Wei

As the "agentic web" takes shape-billions of AI agents (often LLM-powered) autonomously transacting and collaborating-trust shifts from human oversight to protocol design. In 2025, several inter-agent protocols crystallized this shift,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Botao 'Amber' Hu , Helena Rong

Large scientific collaborations, often with hundreds or thousands of members, are an excellent opportunity for a case study in best practices implemented while developing open source hardware. Using a publicly available design of timing…

Reproducibility in research remains hindered by complex systems involving data, models, tools, and algorithms. Studies highlight a reproducibility crisis due to a lack of standardized reporting, code and data sharing, and rigorous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Venkat S. Malladi , Maria Yazykova , Olesya Melnichenko , Yulia Dubinina

Software reliability analysis is performed at various stages during the process of engineering software as an attempt to evaluate if the software reliability requirements have been (or might be) met. In this report, I present a summary of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-04-17 Ganesh J. Pai

Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is a well-established method in failure analysis and is widely used in safety and reliability assessments. While FTA tools enable users to manage complex analyses effectively, they can sometimes obscure the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-09 Hamid Jahanian

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant advances in text generation but often lack the reliability needed for autonomous deployment in high-stakes domains like healthcare, law, and finance. Existing approaches rely on external…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Ninad Naik

Qualitative research offers deep insights into human experiences, but its processes, such as coding and thematic analysis, are time-intensive and laborious. Recent advancements in qualitative data analysis (QDA) tools have introduced AI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Anoushka Puranik , Ester Chen , Roshan L Peiris , Hidy Kong

Qualitative data analysis provides insight into the underlying perceptions and experiences within unstructured data. However, the time-consuming nature of the coding process, especially for larger datasets, calls for innovative approaches,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Elisabeth Kirsten , Annalina Buckmann , Abraham Mhaidli , Steffen Becker

Lack of reliability is a well-known issue for reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. This problem has gained increasing attention in recent years, and efforts to improve it have grown substantially. To aid RL researchers and production…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-14 Stephanie C. Y. Chan , Samuel Fishman , John Canny , Anoop Korattikara , Sergio Guadarrama

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed for tabular question answering, yet calibration on structured data is largely unstudied. This paper presents the first systematic comparison of five confidence estimation methods across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Lukas Voss

Experimentation is an essential method for causal inference in any empirical discipline. Crossover-design experiments are common in Software Engineering (SE) research. In these, subjects apply more than one treatment in different orders.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Julian Frattini , Davide Fucci , Sira Vegas

Vibe coding produces correct, executable code at speed, but leaves no record of the structural commitments, dependencies, or evidence behind it. Reviewers cannot determine what invariants were assumed, what changed, or why a regression…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Tianfu Wang , Zhezheng Hao , Yin Wu , Wei Wu , Qiang Lin , Hande Dong , Nicholas Jing Yuan , Hui Xiong

Researchers are increasingly recognizing the importance of human aspects in software development. Since qualitative methods are used to explore human behavior in-depth, we believe that studies using such methods will become more common.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Per Lenberg , Robert Feldt , Lucas Gren , Lars Göran Wallgren Tengberg , Inga Tidefors , Daniel Graziotin

Quality requirements deal with how well a product should perform the intended functionality, such as start-up time and learnability. Researchers argue they are important and at the same time studies indicate there are deficiencies in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Thomas Olsson , Severine Sentilles , Efi Papatheocharous

Over the years, Software Quality Engineering has increased interest, demonstrated by significant research papers published in this area. Determining when a software artifact is qualitatively valid is tricky, given the impossibility of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Francesco Basciani , Daniele Di Pompeo , Juri Di Rocco , Alfonso Pierantonio