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A central goal of modern causal inference is estimating heterogeneous treatment effects to answer questions like "how does an intervention affect each unit," rather than only on average. We study this problem with panel-data where we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-29 Anay Mehrotra , Phuc Tran , Van H. Vu , Manolis Zampetakis

There is strong interest in estimating how the magnitude of treatment effects of an intervention vary across sub-groups of the population of interest. In our paper, we propose a two-study approach to first propose and then test…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-23 Rahul Ladhania , Amelia Haviland , Neeraj Sood , Edward Kennedy , Ateev Mehrotra

Current approaches to A/B testing in networks focus on limiting interference, the concern that treatment effects can "spill over" from treatment nodes to control nodes and lead to biased causal effect estimation. Prominent methods for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Zahra Fatemi , Elena Zheleva

Scholars from diverse fields increasingly rely on high-frequency spatio-temporal data. Yet, causal inference with these data remains challenging due to spatial spillover and temporal carryover effects. We develop methods to estimate…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-03 Lingxiao Zhou , Kosuke Imai , Jason Lyall , Georgia Papadogeorgou

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have long been the gold standard for causal inference across various fields, including business analysis, economic studies, sociology, clinical research, and network learning. The primary advantage of…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-08-23 Carol Liu

Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for estimating treatment effects across many fields of science. Technology companies have adopted A/B-testing methods as a modern RCT counterpart, where end-users are randomly…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Olivier Jeunen

We evaluate the causal effect of hour-ahead price interventions on the reduction in residential electricity consumption using a data set from a large-scale experiment on 7,000 households in California. By estimating user-level…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-10-26 Datong P. Zhou , Maximilian Balandat , Claire J. Tomlin

Classical causal and statistical inference methods typically assume the observed data consists of independent realizations. However, in many applications this assumption is inappropriate due to a network of dependences between units in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Rohit Bhattacharya , Daniel Malinsky , Ilya Shpitser

Construction of just-in-time adaptive interventions, such as prompts delivered by mobile apps to promote and maintain behavioral change, requires knowledge about time-varying moderated effects to inform when and how we deliver intervention…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-06 Jieru Shi , Zhenke Wu , Walter Dempsey

Network data have appeared frequently in recent research. For example, in comparing the effects of different types of treatment, network models have been proposed to improve the quality of estimation and hypothesis testing. In this paper,…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-04 Zhixin Zhou , Ping Li , Feifang Hu

In personalised decision making, evidence is required to determine whether an action (treatment) is suitable for an individual. Such evidence can be obtained by modelling treatment effect heterogeneity in subgroups. The existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-24 Jiuyong Li , Lin Liu , Shisheng Zhang , Saisai Ma , Thuc Duy Le , Jixue Liu

The identification of heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) across subgroups is of significant interest in clinical trial analysis. Several state-of-the-art HTE estimation methods, including causal forests, apply recursive partitioning for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-10 Vik Shirvaikar , Andrea Storås , Xi Lin , Chris Holmes

This paper introduces a novel approach for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects of binary treatment in panel data, particularly focusing on short panel data with large cross-sectional data and observed confoundings. In contrast to…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-05 Meijia Wang , Ignacio Martinez , P. Richard Hahn

The issue of missing network links in partially observed networks is frequently neglected in empirical studies. This paper addresses this issue when investigating the spillovers of program benefits in the presence of network interactions.…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-08-16 Lina Zhang

Increasingly, there is a marked interest in estimating causal effects under network interference due to the fact that interference manifests naturally in networked experiments. However, network information generally is available only up to…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-02 Wenrui Li , Daniel L. Sussman , Eric D. Kolaczyk

The behavior of ecological systems mainly relies on the interactions between the species it involves. We consider the problem of inferring the species interaction network from abundance data. To be relevant, any network inference…

Applications · Statistics 2019-10-29 Raphaëlle Momal , Stéphane Robin , Christophe Ambroise

When evaluating the efficacy of social programs and medical treatments using randomized experiments, the estimated overall average causal effect alone is often of limited value and the researchers must investigate when the treatments do and…

Applications · Statistics 2013-05-27 Kosuke Imai , Marc Ratkovic

Regression trees are a popular machine learning algorithm that fit piecewise constant models by recursively partitioning the predictor space. This paper focuses on statistical inference for a data-dependent model obtained from a fitted…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-17 Soham Bakshi , Yiling Huang , Snigdha Panigrahi , Walter Dempsey

Interference occurs when a unit's treatment (or exposure) affects another unit's outcome. In some settings, units may be grouped into clusters such that it is reasonable to assume that interference, if present, only occurs between…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-24 Chanhwa Lee , Donglin Zeng , Michael G. Hudgens

Network models provide a powerful and flexible framework for analyzing a wide range of structured data sources. In many situations of interest, however, multiple networks can be constructed to capture different aspects of an underlying…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Madeline Navarro , Genevera I. Allen , Michael Weylandt