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Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) harness the inherent unpredictability of quantum mechanics to produce true randomness. Yet, in many optical implementations, the light source remains a potential vulnerability - susceptible to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 KaiWei Qiu , Yu Cai , Nelly H. Y. Ng , Jing Yan Haw

How to generate genuine quantum randomness from untrusted devices is an important problem in quantum information processing. Inspired by previous work on a self-testing quantum random number generator [T. Lunghi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-08 Han Yun-Guang , Yin Zhen-Qiang , Li Hong-Wei , Chen Wei , Wang Shuang , Guo Guang-Can , Han Zheng-Fu

The amount of intrinsic randomness that can be extracted from measurement on quantum systems depends on several factors: notably, the power given to the adversary and the level of characterization of the devices of the authorized partners.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-16 Yun Zhi Law , Le Phuc Thinh , Jean-Daniel Bancal , Valerio Scarani

Semi-device independent (Semi-DI) quantum random number generators (QRNG) gained attention for security applications, offering an excellent trade-off between security and generation rate. This paper presents a proof-of-principle time-bin…

From dice to modern complex circuits, there have been many attempts to build increasingly better devices to generate random numbers. Today, randomness is fundamental to security and cryptographic systems, as well as safeguarding privacy. A…

By proposing device-independent protocols, S. Pironio et al. [Nature 464, 1021-1024 (2010)] and R. Colbeck et al. [Nature Physics 8, 450-453 (2012)] proved that new randomness can be generated by using perfectly free random sources or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-19 Yu-Qian Zhou , Hong-Wei Li , Yu-Kun Wang , Dan-Dan Li , Fei Gao , Qiao-Yan Wen

Quantum technologies promise information processing and communication technology advancements, including random number generation (RNG). Using Bell inequalities, a user of a quantum RNG hardware can certify that the values provided by an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Robert Okuła , Piotr Mironowicz

In recent years, several hacking attacks have broken the security of quantum cryptography implementations by exploiting the presence of losses and the ability of the eavesdropper to tune detection efficiencies. We present a simple attack of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-28 Antonio Acín , Daniel Cavalcanti , Elsa Passaro , Stefano Pironio , Paul Skrzypczyk

The rates at which a user can generate device-independent quantum random numbers from a Bell-type experiment depend on the measurements that he performs. By numerically optimising over these measurements, we present lower bounds on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-28 Syed M Assad , Oliver Thearle , Ping Koy Lam

We propose a method to verify quantum steering for two qubit states with an arbitrary amount of null results when both the steering and steered parties cannot be trusted. We converted the steering inequality proposed in a recent article…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-16 InU Jeon , Hyunseok Jeong

Quantum computers are on the brink of surpassing the capabilities of even the most powerful classical computers. This naturally raises the question of how one can trust the results of a quantum computer when they cannot be compared to…

Quantum networks with multiple sources allow the observation of quantum nonlocality without inputs. Consequently, the incompatibility of measurements is not a necessity for observing quantum nonlocality when one has access to multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-24 Shubhayan Sarkar

Benchmarking quantum devices is a foundational task for the sustained development of quantum technologies. However, accurate in situ characterization of large-scale quantum devices remains a formidable challenge: such systems experience…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Tudor Manole , Daniel K. Mark , Wenjie Gong , Bingtian Ye , Yury Polyanskiy , Soonwon Choi

In this perspective we discuss verification of quantum devices in the context of specific examples, formulated as proposed experiments. Our first example is verification of analog quantum simulators as Hamiltonian learning, where the input…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-12 Jose Carrasco , Andreas Elben , Christian Kokail , Barbara Kraus , Peter Zoller

While the standard formulation of quantum theory assumes a fixed background causal structure, one can relax this assumption within the so-called process matrix framework. Remarkably, some processes, termed causally nonseparable, are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-29 Hippolyte Dourdent , Alastair A. Abbott , Nicolas Brunner , Ivan Šupić , Cyril Branciard

In a previous paper, we introduced a semi-device-independent scheme consisting of an untrusted source sending quantum states to an untrusted measuring device, with the sole assumption that the average energy of the states emitted by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-23 Thomas Van Himbeeck , Stefano Pironio

We consider statistical methods based on finite samples of locally randomized measurements in order to certify different degrees of multiparticle entanglement in intermediate-scale quantum systems. We first introduce hierarchies of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-08 Andreas Ketterer , Satoya Imai , Nikolai Wyderka , Otfried Gühne

Randomness is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics, which is an invaluable resource for both classical and quantum technologies. Practical quantum random number generators (QRNG) usually need to trust their devices, but their security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-15 Marco Avesani , Hamid Tebyanian , Paolo Villoresi , Giuseppe Vallone

Quantum memories represent one of the main ingredients of future quantum communication networks. Their certification is therefore a key challenge. Here we develop efficient certification methods for quantum memories. Considering a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-17 Pavel Sekatski , Jean-Daniel Bancal , Marie Ioannou , Mikael Afzelius , Nicolas Brunner

The idea of self-testing is to render guarantees concerning the inner workings of a device based on the measurement statistics. It is one of the most formidable quantum certification and benchmarking schemes. Recently it was shown by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-20 Harshank Shrotriya , Kishor Bharti , Leong-Chuan Kwek