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We explore from an algebraic viewpoint the properties of the tree languages definable with a first-order formula involving the ancestor predicate, using the description of these languages as those recognized by iterated block products of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-12-06 Martin Beaudry

History-deterministic automata are those in which nondeterministic choices can be correctly resolved stepwise: there is a strategy to select a continuation of a run given the next input letter so that if the overall input word admits some…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Soumyajit Paul , David Purser , Sven Schewe , Qiyi Tang , Patrick Totzke , Di-De Yen

A $d$-limited automaton is a Turing machine that may rewrite each input cell at most~$d$ times. Hibbard (1967) showed that for every $d \geq 2$ such automata recognize all context-free languages and that deterministic $d$-limited automata…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Alexander Rubtsov

We present an algorithm for extraction of a probabilistic deterministic finite automaton (PDFA) from a given black-box language model, such as a recurrent neural network (RNN). The algorithm is a variant of the exact-learning algorithm L*,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Gail Weiss , Yoav Goldberg , Eran Yahav

Every language recognized by a non-deterministic finite automaton can be recognized by a deterministic automaton, at the cost of a potential increase of the number of states, which in the worst case can go from $n$ states to $2^n$ states.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Arnaud Carayol , Philippe Duchon , Florent Koechlin , Cyril Nicaud

Several cellular automata (CA) models have been developed to simulate self-organization of multiple levels of structures. However, they do not obey microscopic reversibility and conservation laws. In this paper, we describe the construction…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2015-05-13 Takayuki Nozawa , Toshiyuki Kondo

In the context of structure-to-structure transformation tasks, learning sequences of discrete symbolic operations poses significant challenges due to their non-differentiability. To facilitate the learning of these symbolic sequences, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Paul Soulos , Edward Hu , Kate McCurdy , Yunmo Chen , Roland Fernandez , Paul Smolensky , Jianfeng Gao

Weighted automata is a basic tool for specification in quantitative verification, which allows to express quantitative features of analysed systems such as resource consumption. Quantitative specification can be assisted by automata…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Jakub Michaliszyn , Jan Otop

We introduce a model of register automata over infinite trees with extrema constraints. Such an automaton can store elements of a linearly ordered domain in its registers, and can compare those values to the suprema and infima of register…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Szymon Toruńczyk , Thomas Zeume

For a class L of languages let PDL[L] be an extension of Propositional Dynamic Logic which allows programs to be in a language of L rather than just to be regular. If L contains a non-regular language, PDL[L] can express non-regular…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-06-08 Markus Latte

Abstract numeration systems encode natural numbers using radix ordered words of an infinite regular language and linear recurrence sequences play a key role in their valuation. Sequence automata, which are deterministic finite automata with…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Olivier Carton , Jean-Michel Couvreur , Martin Delacourt , Nicolas Ollinger

We present the first study of non-deterministic weighted automata under probabilistic semantics. In this semantics words are random events, generated by a Markov chain, and functions computed by weighted automata are random variables. We…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Jakub Michaliszyn , Jan Otop

In this paper we present a constructive proof of cut elimination for a system of full second order logic with the structural rules absorbed and using sets instead of sequences. The standard problem of the cutrank growth is avoided by using…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-06-22 Sandro Skansi

We consider pushdown timed automata (PTAs) that are timed automata (with dense clocks) augmented with a pushdown stack. A configuration of a PTA includes a control state, dense clock values and a stack word. By using the pattern technique,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Zhe Dang

We study the predictability of emergent phenomena in complex systems. Using nearest neighbor, one-dimensional Cellular Automata (CA) as an example, we show how to construct local coarse-grained descriptions of CA in all classes of Wolfram's…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2015-06-26 Navot Israeli , Nigel Goldenfeld

Data trees serve as an abstraction of structured data, such as XML documents. A number of specification formalisms for languages of data trees have been developed, many of them adhering to the paradigm of register automata, which is based…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Simon Prucker , Lutz Schröder

Standard sequential generation methods assume a pre-specified generation order, such as text generation methods which generate words from left to right. In this work, we propose a framework for training models of text generation that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Sean Welleck , Kianté Brantley , Hal Daumé , Kyunghyun Cho

We consider decision problems for relations over finite and infinite words defined by finite automata. We prove that the equivalence problem for binary deterministic rational relations over infinite words is undecidable in contrast to the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Christof Löding , Christopher Spinrath

We show a new simple algorithm that solves the model-checking problem for recursion schemes: check whether the tree generated by a given higher-order recursion scheme is accepted by a given alternating parity automaton. The algorithm…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Paweł Parys

Multi-stack machines and Turing machines can simulate to each other. In this note, we give a succinct definition of multi-stack machines, and from this definition it is clearly seen that pushdown automata and deterministic finite automata…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Daowen Qiu