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We show a new simple algorithm that checks whether a given higher-order grammar generates a nonempty language of trees. The algorithm amounts to a procedure that transforms a grammar of order n to a grammar of order n-1, preserving…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Paweł Parys

We present PAPNI, a passive automata learning algorithm capable of learning deterministic context-free grammars, which are modeled with visibly deterministic pushdown automata. PAPNI is a generalization of RPNI, a passive automata learning…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Edi Muškardin , Tamim Burgstaller

At first glance, one-state Turing machines are very weak: the halting problem for them is decidable, and, without memory, they cannot even accept a simple one element language such as $L = \{ 1 \}$ . Nevertheless it has been showed that a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Marzio De Biasi

Visibly pushdown transducers (VPTs) are visibly pushdown automata extended with outputs. They have been introduced to model transformations of nested words, i.e. words with a call/return structure. As trees and more generally hedges can be…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-11-25 Mathieu Caralp , Emmanuel Filiot , Pierre-Alain Reynier , Frédéric Servais , Jean-Marc Talbot

In automata theory, while determinisation provides a standard route to solving many common problems in automata theory, some weak forms of nondeterminism can be dealt with in some problems without costly determinisation. For example, the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Thomas A. Henzinger , Keya Prakash , K. S. Thejaswini

Higher-dimensional automata (HDA) are a model of concurrency that models simultaneous execution of events using higher dimensional cells. HDA recognize languages of pomsets, a generalization of finite words whose letters are partially…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Enzo Erlich , Jérémy Ledent , Krzysztof Ziemiański

We generalize the concept of synchronizing words for finite automata, which map all states of the automata to the same state, to deterministic visibly push-down automata. Here, a synchronizing word w does not only map all states to the same…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Henning Fernau , Petra Wolf

The call-by-value language RML may be viewed as a canonical restriction of Standard ML to ground-type references, augmented by a "bad variable" construct in the sense of Reynolds. We consider the fragment of (finitary) RML terms of order at…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-01-20 Conrad Cotton-Barratt , David Hopkins , Andrzej S. Murawski , C. -H. Luke Ong

Automatic differentiation (AD) aims to compute derivatives of user-defined functions, but in Turing-complete languages, this simple specification does not fully capture AD's behavior: AD sometimes disagrees with the true derivative of a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Alexander K. Lew , Mathieu Huot , Vikash K. Mansinghka

The $n$th term of an automatic sequence is the output of a deterministic finite automaton fed with the representation of $n$ in a suitable numeration system. In this paper, instead of considering automatic sequences built on a numeration…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Michel Rigo , Manon Stipulanti

In this paper, we have introduced the deterministic variant of parallel communicating Watson-Crick automata systems. We show that similar to the non-deterministic version, the deterministic version can also recognise some non-regular…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-07-21 Kingshuk Chatterjee , Kumar Sankar Ray

Due to the works of S. Bozapalidis and A. Alexandrakis, there is a well-known characterization of recognizable weighted tree languages over fields in terms of finite-dimensionality of syntactic vector spaces. Here we prove a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Zoltán Fülöp , Heiko Vogler

Strategy Logic with imperfect information (SLiR) is a very expressive logic designed to express complex properties of strategic abilities in distributed systems. Previous work on SLiR focused on finite systems, and showed that the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Bastien Maubert , Aniello Murano , Olivier Serre

We introduce partially ordered two-way B\"uchi automata and characterize their expressive power in terms of fragments of first-order logic FO[<]. Partially ordered two-way B\"uchi automata are B\"uchi automata which can change the direction…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-19 Manfred Kufleitner , Alexander Lauser

Watson-Crick automata are finite automata working on double strands. Extensive research work has already been done on non-deterministic Watson-Crick automata and on deterministic Watson-Crick automata. In this paper, we introduce a new…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-12-10 Kingshuk Chatterjee , Kumar Sankar Ray

Reversible forms of computations are often interesting from an energy efficiency point of view. When the computation device in question is an automaton, it is known that the minimal reversible automaton recognizing a given language is not…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-23 Kitti Gelle , Szabolcs Iván

We present a differentiable stack data structure that simultaneously and tractably encodes an exponential number of stack configurations, based on Lang's algorithm for simulating nondeterministic pushdown automata. We call the combination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Brian DuSell , David Chiang

We show that descriptive complexity's result extends in High Order Logic to capture the expressivity of Turing Machine which have a finite number of alternation and whose time or space is bounded by a finite tower of exponential. Hence we…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-07-16 Arthur Milchior

A condition characterizing the class of regular languages which have several nonisomorphic minimal reversible automata is presented. The condition concerns the structure of the minimum automaton accepting the language under consideration.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-22 Giovanna J. Lavado , Giovanni Pighizzini , Luca Prigioniero

We introduce a new hierarchy of higher-order nested pushdown trees generalising Alur et al.'s concept of nested pushdown trees. Nested pushdown trees are useful representations of control flows in the verification of programs with recursive…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-02-10 Alexander Kartzow
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