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Classical simulators play a major role in the development and benchmark of quantum algorithms and practically any software framework for quantum computation provides the option of running the algorithms on simulators. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-04 Gian Giacomo Guerreschi

This paper presents techniques for theoretically and practically efficient and scalable Schr\"odinger-style quantum circuit simulation. Our approach partitions a quantum circuit into a hierarchy of subcircuits and simulates the subcircuits…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Mingkuan Xu , Shiyi Cao , Xupeng Miao , Umut A. Acar , Zhihao Jia

We investigate the boundary between classical and quantum computational power. This work consists of two parts. First we develop new classical simulation algorithms that are centered on sampling methods. Using these techniques we generate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-20 M. Van den Nest

As the field of quantum computing grows, novel algorithms which take advantage of quantum phenomena need to be developed. As we are currently in the NISQ (noisy intermediate scale quantum) era, quantum algorithm researchers cannot reliably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-28 Youssef Moawad , Andrew Brown , René Steijl , Wim Vanderbauwhede

Classical simulations of quantum computations are vital for the future development of this emerging technology. To this end, decision diagrams have been proposed as a complementary technique which frequently allows to tackle the inherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-11 Lukas Burgholzer , Hartwig Bauer , Robert Wille

The state vector-based simulation offers a convenient approach to developing and validating quantum algorithms with noise-free results. However, limited by the absence of cache-aware implementations and unpolished circuit optimizations, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-21 Chuan-Chi Wang , Yu-Cheng Lin , Yan-Jie Wang , Chia-Heng Tu , Shih-Hao Hung

Recent breakthroughs have opened the possibility to intermediate-scale quantum computing with tens to hundreds of qubits, and shown the potential for solving classical challenging problems, such as in chemistry and condensed matter physics.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-30 Zhong-Xia Shang , Ming-Cheng Chen , Xiao Yuan , Chao-Yang Lu , Jian-Wei Pan

Digital quantum simulation is a promising application for quantum computers. Their free programmability provides the potential to simulate the unitary evolution of any many-body Hamiltonian with bounded spectrum by discretizing the time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-15 Adrien Bolens , Markus Heyl

Quantum circuit simulation is crucial for the development of quantum algorithms, particularly given the high cost and noise limitations of physical quantum hardware. While full-state quantum circuit simulation is commonly employed for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Chuan-Chi Wang , Yan-Jie Wang , Chia-Heng Tu , Shih-Hao Hung

We present a comprehensive study of quantum simulation methods and quantum simulators for classical computers. We first study an exhaustive set of 150+ simulators and quantum libraries. Then, we short-list the simulators that are actively…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-29 Kieran Young , Marcus Scese , Ali Ebnenasir

While thousands of experimental physicists and chemists are currently trying to build scalable quantum computers, it appears that simulation of quantum computation will be at least as critical as circuit simulation in classical VLSI design.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 George F. Viamontes , Manoj Rajagopalan , Igor L. Markov , John P. Hayes

Since simulating quantum computers requires exponentially more classical resources, efficient algorithms are extremely helpful. We analyze algorithms that create single qubit and specific controlled qubit matrix representations of gates.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Eric Hsu

Despite the continuous advancements in size and robustness of real quantum devices, reliable large-scale quantum computers are not yet available. Hence, classical simulation of quantum algorithms remains crucial for testing new methods and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Laura S. Herzog , Lukas Burgholzer , Christian Ufrecht , Daniel D. Scherer , Robert Wille

The Schwinger model (quantum electrodynamics in 1+1 dimensions) is a testbed for the study of quantum gauge field theories. We give scalable, explicit digital quantum algorithms to simulate the lattice Schwinger model in both NISQ and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-12 Alexander F. Shaw , Pavel Lougovski , Jesse R. Stryker , Nathan Wiebe

Simulating quantum circuits is a computationally intensive task that relies heavily on tensor products and matrix multiplications, which can be inefficient. Recent advancements, eliminate the need for tensor products and matrix…

We derive a rigorous upper bound on the classical computation time of finite-ranged tensor network contractions in $d \geq 2$ dimensions. Consequently, we show that quantum circuits of single-qubit and finite-ranged two-qubit gates can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-07 Thorsten B. Wahl , Sergii Strelchuk

Classical simulations of quantum circuits are limited in both space and time when the qubit count is above 50, the realm where quantum supremacy reigns. However, recently, for the low depth circuit with more than 50 qubits, there are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-15 Zhao-Yun Chen , Qi Zhou , Cheng Xue , Xia Yang , Guang-Can Guo , Guo-Ping Guo

Quantum computing is an emerging technology, promising a paradigm shift in computing, and allowing for speedups in many different problems. However, quantum devices are still in their early stages, most with only a small number qubits. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-09 Adam Kelly

We benchmark the performances of Qrack, an open-source software library for the high-performance classical simulation of (gate-model) quantum computers. Qrack simulates, in the Schr\"odinger picture, the exact quantum state of $n$ qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-14 Daniel Strano , Benn Bollay , Aryan Blaauw , Nathan Shammah , William J. Zeng , Andrea Mari

A quantum computing simulation provides the opportunity to explore the behaviors of quantum circuits, study the properties of quantum gates, and develop quantum computing algorithms. Simulating quantum circuits requires geometric time and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-10 Lee A. Belfore
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