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The problem-solving in automated theorem proving (ATP) can be interpreted as a search problem where the prover constructs a proof tree step by step. In this paper, we propose a deep reinforcement learning algorithm for proof search in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Mitsuru Kusumoto , Keisuke Yahata , Masahiro Sakai

Common Knowledge Logic is meant to describe situations of the real world where a group of agents is involved. These agents share knowledge and make strong statements on the knowledge of the other agents (the so called \emph{common…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2007-12-20 Pierre Lescanne , Jérôme Puisségur

Identifying key patterns of tactics implemented by rival teams, and developing effective responses, lies at the heart of modern football. However, doing so algorithmically remains an open research challenge. To address this unmet need, we…

Explainable AI (XAI) techniques aim to provide insights into predictive models and enhance user performance, yet they often fall short of these expectations. Conversational XAI assistants promise to overcome such limitations, but empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Sven Kruschel , Julian Rosenberger , Lasse Bohlen , Mathias Kraus , Patrick Zschech

User-machine interaction is crucial for information retrieval, especially for spoken content retrieval, because spoken content is difficult to browse, and speech recognition has a high degree of uncertainty. In interactive retrieval, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-03 Pei-Hung Chung , Kuan Tung , Ching-Lun Tai , Hung-Yi Lee

We describe our experience implementing a broad category-theory library in Coq. Category theory and computational performance are not usually mentioned in the same breath, but we have needed substantial engineering effort to teach Coq to…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-04 Jason Gross , Adam Chlipala , David I. Spivak

We introduce Prove-It, a Python-based general-purpose interactive theorem-proving assistant designed with the goal of making formal theorem proving as easy and natural as informal theorem proving (with moderate training). Prove-It uses a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Wayne M. Witzel , Warren D. Craft , Robert D. Carr , Joaquín E. Madrid Larrañaga

Labeled data for imitation learning of theorem proving in large libraries of formalized mathematics is scarce as such libraries require years of concentrated effort by human specialists to be built. This is particularly challenging when…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Jesse Michael Han , Jason Rute , Yuhuai Wu , Edward W. Ayers , Stanislas Polu

As reinforcement learning methods increasingly amass accomplishments, the need for comprehending their solutions becomes more crucial. Most explainable reinforcement learning (XRL) methods generate a static explanation depicting their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Yotam Amitai , Ofra Amir , Guy Avni

Automated theorem provers and formal proof assistants are general reasoning systems that are in theory capable of proving arbitrarily hard theorems, thus solving arbitrary problems reducible to mathematics and logical reasoning. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Lasse Blaauwbroek , David Cerna , Thibault Gauthier , Jan Jakubův , Cezary Kaliszyk , Martin Suda , Josef Urban

In parallel to the ever-growing usage of mechanized proofs in diverse areas of mathematics and computer science, proof assistants are used more and more for education. This paper surveys previous work related to the use of proof assistants…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Frédéric Tran Minh , Laure Gonnord , Julien Narboux

An effective multi-turn instruction-following assistant can be developed by creating a simulator that can generate useful interaction data. Apart from relying on its intrinsic weights, an ideal user simulator should also be able to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Kaustubh D. Dhole

Explanations for AI models in high-stakes domains like medicine often lack verifiability, which can hinder trust. To address this, we propose an interactive agent that produces explanations through an auditable sequence of actions. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yuhang Huang , Zekai Lin , Fan Zhong , Lei Liu

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is essential for building advanced machine learning-powered applications, especially in critical domains such as medical diagnostics or autonomous driving. Legal, business, and ethical requirements…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Tobias Labarta , Elizaveta Kulicheva , Ronja Froelian , Christian Geißler , Xenia Melman , Julian von Klitzing

Use of intelligent decision aids can help alleviate the challenges of planning complex operations. We describe integrated algorithms, and a tool capable of translating a high-level concept for a tactical military operation into a fully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-01-25 Alexander Kott , Ray Budd , Larry Ground , Lakshmi Rebbapragada , John Langston

Most existing implementations of multiple precision arithmetic demand that the user sets the precision {\em a priori}. Some libraries are said adaptable in the sense that they dynamically change the precision of each intermediate operation…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Sylvie Boldo , Marc Daumas , Claire Moreau-Finot , Laurent Thery

Modern separation logics allow one to prove rich properties of intricate code, e.g. functional correctness and linearizability of non-blocking concurrent code. However, this expressiveness leads to a complexity that makes these logics…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Felix A. Wolf , Malte Schwerhoff , Peter Müller

Explainable artificial intelligence is a research field that tries to provide more transparency for autonomous intelligent systems. Explainability has been used, particularly in reinforcement learning and robotic scenarios, to better…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Francisco Cruz , Charlotte Young , Richard Dazeley , Peter Vamplew

Understanding an information forager's actions during interaction is very important for the study of interactive information retrieval. Although information spread in uncertain information space is substantially complex due to the high…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-08-07 Amit Kumar Jaiswal , Haiming Liu , Ingo Frommholz

Data analytics software applications have become an integral part of the decision-making process of analysts. Users of such a software face challenges due to insufficient product and domain knowledge, and find themselves in need of help. To…