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The metric (resp. edge metric) dimension of a simple connected graph $G$, denoted by dim$(G)$ (resp. edim$(G)$), is the cardinality of a smallest vertex subset $S\subseteq V(G)$ for which every two distinct vertices (resp. edges) in $G$…

Preferential attachment graphs are random graphs designed to mimic properties of typical real world networks. They are constructed by a random process that iteratively adds vertices and attaches them preferentially to vertices that already…

The smallest set of vertices needed to differentiate or categorize every other vertex in a graph is referred to as the graph's metric dimension. Finding the class of graphs for a particular given metric dimension is an NP-hard problem. This…

Given a graph $G = (V,E)$, a \emph{perfect dominating set} is a subset of vertices $V' \subseteq V(G)$ such that each vertex $v \in V(G)\setminus V'$ is dominated by exactly one vertex $v' \in V'$. An \emph{efficient dominating set} is a…

A recent line of work on VC set systems in minor-free (undirected) graphs, starting from Li and Parter, who constructed a new VC set system for planar graphs, has given surprising algorithmic results. In this work, we initialize a more…

The degree distribution of a graph $G=(V,E)$, $|V|=n$, $|E|=m$ is one of the most fundamental objects of study in the analysis of graphs as it embodies relationship among entities. In particular, an important derived distribution from…

A graph $G$ is well-covered if all maximal independent sets are of the same cardinality. Let $w:V(G) \longrightarrow\mathbb{R}$ be a weight function. Then $G$ is $w$-well-covered if all maximal independent sets are of the same weight. An…

Let $X$ be a finite set. A family $P$ of subsets of $X$ is called a convex geometry with ground set $X$ if (1) $\emptyset, X\in P$; (2) $A\cap B\in P$ whenever $A,B\in P$; and (3) if $A\in P$ and $A\neq X$, there is an element $\alpha\in…

Given an undirected graph $G=(V,E)$, a vertex $v\in V$ is edge-vertex (ev) dominated by an edge $e\in E$ if $v$ is either incident to $e$ or incident to an adjacent edge of $e$. A set $S^{ev}\subseteq E$ is an edge-vertex dominating set…

Given a graph $G$ and a subset of vertices $S = \{w_1, \ldots, w_t\} \subseteq V(G)$, the multiset representation of a vertex $u\in V(G)$ with respect to $S$ is the multiset $m(u|S) = \{| d_G(u, w_1), \ldots, d_G(u, w_t) |\}$. A subset of…

Density matrices of graphs are combinatorial laplacians normalized to have trace one (Braunstein \emph{et al.} \emph{Phys. Rev. A,} \textbf{73}:1, 012320 (2006)). If the vertices of a graph are arranged as an array, then its density matrix…

Let $\mathbb{G} = (\mathcal{V}, \mathcal{E})$ be a simple connected graph, where $\mathcal{V}$ and $\mathcal{E}$ denote the vertex and edge sets, respectively. The first Zagreb index is defined as $\mathcal{M}_{1}(\mathbb{G}) = \sum_{v \in…

A set of vertices $S$ \emph{resolves} a graph $G$ if every vertex is uniquely determined by its vector of distances to the vertices in $S$. The \emph{metric dimension} of a graph $G$ is the minimum cardinality of a resolving set. In this…

Let $G$ be a graph with vertex set $V(G)$ and edge set $E(G)$, and let $d(u,w)$ denote the length of a $u-w$ geodesic in $G$. For any $v\in V(G)$ and $e=xy\in E(G)$, let $d(e,v)=\min\{d(x,v),d(y,v)\}$. For distinct $e_1, e_2\in E(G)$, let…

In this paper, we introduce the notion of the containment graph of a family of sets and containment classes of graphs and posets. Let $Z$ be a family of nonempty sets. We call a (simple, finite) graph G = (V, E) a $Z$-containment graph…

We establish tight lower and upper bounds on the number of edges in traceable graphs in several classes of dense graphs. A graph is traceable if it has a Hamiltonian path. We show that the bound is: - quadratic for the class of graphs of…

The computation of distance measures between nodes in graphs is inefficient and does not scale to large graphs. We explore dense vector representations as an effective way to approximate the same information: we introduce a simple yet…

A mixed dominating set of a graph $G = (V, E)$ is a mixed set $D$ of vertices and edges, such that for every edge or vertex, if it is not in $D$, then it is adjacent or incident to at least one vertex or edge in $D$. The mixed domination…

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged in recent years as a powerful tool to learn tasks across a wide range of graph domains in a data-driven fashion; based on a message passing mechanism, GNNs have gained increasing popularity due to…

By definition, a rigid graph in $\mathbb{R}^d$ (or on a sphere) has a finite number of embeddings up to rigid motions for a given set of edge length constraints. These embeddings are related to the real solutions of an algebraic system.…