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The pandemic linked to COVID-19 infection represents an unprecedented clinical and healthcare challenge for many medical researchers attempting to prevent its worldwide spread. This pandemic also represents a major challenge for…

This paper focuses on the Bayesian Network Propensity Score (BNPS), a novel approach for estimating treatment effects in observational studies characterized by unknown (and likely unbalanced) designs and complex dependency structures among…

Motivated by the ongoing pandemic COVID-19, we propose a closed-loop framework that combines inference from testing data, learning the parameters of the dynamics and optimal resource allocation for controlling the spread of the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-04-27 Ashish R. Hota , Jaydeep Godbole , Philip E Paré

In observational studies with time-to-event outcomes, the g-formula can be used to estimate a treatment effect in the presence of confounding factors. However, the asymptotic distribution of the corresponding stochastic process is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-26 Jasmin Rühl , Sarah Friedrich

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly emerging respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to the rapid human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2, many healthcare systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Patrick Schwab , August DuMont Schütte , Benedikt Dietz , Stefan Bauer

Statistical inference with non-probability survey samples is an emerging topic in survey sampling and official statistics and has gained increased attention from researchers and practitioners in the field. Much of the existing literature,…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-07 Yang Liu , Meng Yuan , Pengfei Li , Changbao Wu

Quasi-experimental evaluations are central for generating real-world causal evidence and complementing insights from randomized trials. The regression discontinuity design (RDD) is a quasi-experimental design that can be used to estimate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-07 Maximilian Schuessler , Erik Sverdrup , Robert Tibshirani , Stefan Wager

The partitioning of data for estimation and calibration critically impacts the performance of propensity score based estimators like inverse probability weighting (IPW) and double/debiased machine learning (DML) frameworks. We extend recent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-20 Sven Klaassen , Jan Rabenseifner , Jannis Kueck , Philipp Bach

Instrumental variable (IV) methods allow us the opportunity to address unmeasured confounding in causal inference. However, most IV methods are only applicable to discrete or continuous outcomes with very few IV methods for censored…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-30 Youjin Lee , Edward H. Kennedy , Nandita Mitra

In randomized trials and observational studies, it is often necessary to evaluate the extent to which an intervention affects a time-to-event outcome, which is only partially observed due to right censoring. For instance, in infectious…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-16 Yutong Jin , Peter B. Gilbert , Aaron Hudson

Monitoring key elements of disease dynamics (e.g., prevalence, case counts) is of great importance in infectious disease prevention and control, as emphasized during the COVID-19 pandemic. To facilitate this effort, we propose a new…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-10 Lin Ge , Yuzi Zhang , Lance A. Waller , Robert H. Lyles

Non-probability samples become increasingly popular in survey statistics but may suffer from selection biases that limit the generalizability of results to the target population. We consider integrating a non-probability sample with a…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-08-26 Shu Yang , Jae Kwang Kim , Rui Song

We study regression discontinuity designs in which many predetermined covariates, possibly much more than the number of observations, can be used to increase the precision of treatment effect estimates. We consider a two-step estimator…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-05-06 Alexander Kreiß , Christoph Rothe

Modern clinical trials and cohort studies gather low-cost data on all participants but may have limited resources to assess expensive exposures such as biomarkers or genomic data. When interest lies in associations involving expensive…

In observational studies, researchers must select a method to control for confounding. Options include propensity score methods and regression. It remains unclear how dataset characteristics (size, overlap in propensity scores, exposure…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-21 J. Wilkinson , M. A. Mamas , E. Kontopantelis

Large-scale testing is considered key to assess the state of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, the link between the reported case numbers and the true state of the pandemic remains elusive. We develop mathematical models based on…

Applications · Statistics 2021-02-04 Michel Besserve , Simon Buchholz , Bernhard Schölkopf

Objective: Natural language processing can help minimize human intervention in identifying patients meeting eligibility criteria for clinical trials, but there is still a long way to go to obtain a general and systematic approach that is…

In a clinical trial, the random allocation aims to balance prognostic factors between arms, preventing true confounders. However, residual differences due to chance may introduce near-confounders. Adjusting on prognostic factors is…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-18 Joe de Keizer , Rémi Lenain , Raphaël Porcher , Sarah Zoha , Arthur Chatton , Yohann Foucher

Likelihood methods for measuring statistical evidence obey the likelihood principle while maintaining bounded and well-controlled frequency properties. These methods lend themselves to sequential study designs because they measure the…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-07 Jeffrey D Blume , Leena Choi

Prevalent cohort sampling is commonly used to study the natural history of a disease when the disease is rare or it usually takes a long time to observe the failure event. It is known, however, that the collected sample in this situation is…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-05 Omidali Aghababaei Jazi