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Related papers: AdS$_3$ wormholes from a modular bootstrap

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We define a normalizable measure on the space of two-dimensional conformal field theories, which we interpret as a maximum ignorance ensemble. We test whether pure quantum gravity in AdS$_3$ is dual to the average over this ensemble. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-24 Alexandre Belin , Alexander Maloney , Florian Seefeld

Modular invariance imposes rigid constrains on the partition functions of two-dimensional conformal field theories. Many fundamental results follow strictly from modular invariance, giving rise to the numerical modular bootstrap program.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-07-06 Anatoly Dymarsky , Alfred Shapere

We further develop the description of three-dimensional quantum gravity with negative cosmological constant in terms of Virasoro TQFT formulated in our previous paper arXiv:2304.13650. We compare the partition functions computed in the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-11-20 Scott Collier , Lorenz Eberhardt , Mengyang Zhang

In this paper, we attempt to explore the landscape of two-dimensional conformal field theories (2d CFTs) by efficiently searching for numerical solutions to the modular bootstrap equation using machine-learning-style optimization. The torus…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-05 Nathan Benjamin , A. Liam Fitzpatrick , Wei Li , Jesse Thaler

We propose a SymTFT interpretation of ensemble averaging in low-dimensional holography. The central operation is to keep fixed both the SymTFT and the physical boundary condition, while averaging over topological boundary conditions at the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-08 Xingyang Yu

We uncover a surprising correspondence between a non-perturbative formulation of three-dimensional Lorentzian quantum gravity and a hermitian two-matrix model with ABAB-interaction. The gravitational transfer matrix can be expressed as the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-02-03 J. Ambjorn , J. Jurkiewicz , R. Loll , G. Vernizzi

We use modular invariance to derive constraints on the spectrum of warped conformal field theories (WCFTs) --- nonrelativistic quantum field theories described by a chiral Virasoro and $U(1)$ Kac-Moody algebra. We focus on holographic WCFTs…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-07-20 Luis Apolo , Wei Song

Two-dimensional (2d) field theories invariant under the Bondi-Metzner-Sachs algebra, or 2d BMSFTs in short, are putative holographic duals of Einstein gravity in 3d asymptotically flat spacetimes. When defined on a torus, these field…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-07-04 Arjun Bagchi , Saikat Mondal , Sanchari Pal , Max Riegler

We find out the complex geometries corresponding to the semi-classical saddles of threedimensional quantum gravity by making use of the known results of dual conformal field theory (CFT), which is effectively given by Liouville field…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-07-16 Heng-Yu Chen , Yasuaki Hikida , Yusuke Taki , Takahiro Uetoko

Recent developments involving JT gravity in two dimensions indicate that under some conditions, a gravitational path integral is dual to an average over an ensemble of boundary theories, rather than to a specific boundary theory. For an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-12-02 Alexander Maloney , Edward Witten

As shown in previous work, there is a well-defined nonperturbative gravitational path integral including an explicit sum over topologies in the setting of Causal Dynamical Triangulations in two dimensions. In this paper we derive a complete…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 R. Loll , W. Westra , S. Zohren

We study a new class of solutions of three-dimensional topological massive gravity. These solutions can be taken as non-extremal black holes, with their extremal counterparts being discrete quotients of spacelike warped AdS$_3$ along the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-03-29 Bin Chen , Bo Ning

We review the various aspects of the 3D Einstein gravity theory with a negative cosmological constant and its boundary description. We also explore its connections to CFTs, modular symmetry, and holography. It is worth noting that this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-03-29 Chen-Te Ma

Modular invariance strongly constrains the spectrum of states of two dimensional conformal field theories. By summing over the images of the modular group, we construct candidate CFT partition functions that are modular invariant and have…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-22 Christoph A. Keller , Alexander Maloney

We present a detailed analysis of $AdS_3$ gravity, the BTZ black hole and the associated conformal field theories (CFTs). In particular we focus on the non-extreme six-dimensional string solution with background metric $AdS_3 \times S^3$…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Klaus Behrndt , Ilka Brunner , Ingo Gaida

In this paper, we investigate the warped dS/CFT correspondence of the self-dual warped dS$_3$ spacetime, which is a solution of three-dimensional topologically massive gravity (TMG) with a positive cosmological constant. We discuss its…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-02-08 Bin Chen , Jia-ju Zhang

We present new numerical results on the space of local, unitary, parity-preserving conformal field theories (CFTs) in three dimensions from the stress tensor bootstrap. In bounds maximizing certain OPE coefficients, we find a plethora of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-02-17 Rajeev S. Erramilli , Matthew S. Mitchell

We continue the study of real-time replica wormholes initiated in arXiv:2012.00828. Previously, we had discussed the general principles and had outlined a variational principle for obtaining stationary points of the real-time gravitational…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-08-10 Sean Colin-Ellerin , Xi Dong , Donald Marolf , Mukund Rangamani , Zhencheng Wang

The problem of topology change transitions in quantum gravity is discussed. We argue that the contribution of the Giddings-Strominger wormhole to the Euclidean path integral is pure imaginary. This is checked by two techniques: by the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 V. A. Rubakov , O. Yu. Shvedov

We use the conformal bootstrap equations to study the non-perturbative gravitational scattering between infalling and outgoing particles in the vicinity of a black hole horizon in AdS. We focus on irrational 2D CFTs with large $c$ and only…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-12-09 Steven Jackson , Lauren McGough , Herman Verlinde