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Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) approaches for mobile robots remains challenging in forest or arboreal fruit farming environments, where tree canopies obstruct Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals. Unlike indoor…
Autonomous robots in orchards require real-time 3D scene understanding despite repetitive row geometry, seasonal appearance changes, and wind-driven foliage motion. We present AgriGS-SLAM, a Visual--LiDAR SLAM framework that couples direct…
In this work, we present a comparative analysis of the trajectories estimated from various Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) systems in a simulation environment for vineyards. Vineyard environment is challenging for SLAM methods,…
Mapping field environments into point clouds using a 3D LIDAR has the ability to become a new approach for online estimation of crop biomass in the field. The estimation of crop biomass in agriculture is expected to be closely correlated to…
We present a real-time system for per-tree canopy volume estimation using mobile LiDAR data collected during routine robotic navigation. Unlike prior approaches that rely on static scans or assume uniform orchard structures, our method…
Thin leaves, fine stems, self-occlusion, non-rigid and slowly changing structures make plants difficult for three-dimensional (3D) scanning and reconstruction -- two critical steps in automated visual phenotyping. Many current solutions…
We propose a new deep learning-based method for estimating the occupancy of vegetation strata from 3D point clouds captured from an aerial platform. Our model predicts rasterized occupancy maps for three vegetation strata: lower, medium,…
Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) systems are an essential component in agricultural robotics that enable autonomous navigation and the construction of accurate 3D maps of agricultural fields. However, lack of texture,…
We propose a new deep learning-based method for estimating the occupancy of vegetation strata from airborne 3D LiDAR point clouds. Our model predicts rasterized occupancy maps for three vegetation strata corresponding to lower, medium, and…
Modern 3D laser-range scanners have a high data rate, making online simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) computationally challenging. Recursive state estimation techniques are efficient but commit to a state estimate immediately…
Accurate localisation is critical for mobile robots in structured outdoor environments, yet LiDAR-based methods often fail in vineyards due to repetitive row geometry and perceptual aliasing. We propose a semantic particle filter that…
Training real-world neural network models to achieve high performance and generalizability typically requires a substantial amount of labeled data, spanning a broad range of variation. This data-labeling process can be both labor and cost…
Biomass estimation of oilseed rape is crucial for optimizing crop productivity and breeding strategies. While UAV-based imaging has advanced high-throughput phenotyping, current methods often rely on orthophoto images, which struggle with…
We present techniques to measure crop heights using a 3D Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor mounted on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Knowing the height of plants is crucial to monitor their overall health and growth cycles,…
Accurate forest canopy height estimation is essential for evaluating aboveground biomass and carbon stock dynamics, supporting ecosystem monitoring services like timber provisioning, climate change mitigation, and biodiversity conservation.…
Airborne LiDAR point cloud representing a forest contains 3D data, from which vertical stand structure even of understory layers can be derived. This paper presents a tree segmentation approach for multi-story stands that stratifies the…
We present a curated multi-platform LiDAR reference dataset from an instrumented ICOS forest plot, explicitly designed to support calibration, benchmarking, and integration of 3D structural data with ecological observations and standard…
Cluster closure, defined as the progressive filling of gaps between the berries in a grape bunch, is a key trait in vineyard management, impacting disease risk. However, traditional visual scoring methods are labor-intensive, subjective,…
Multi-sensor Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is essential for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) performing agricultural tasks such as spraying, surveying, and inspection. However, real-world, multi-modal agricultural UAV datasets…
This paper studies 3D LiDAR mapping with a focus on developing an updatable and localizable map representation that enables continuity, compactness and consistency in 3D maps. Traditional LiDAR Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM)…