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Neural networks often operate in the overparameterized regime, in which there are far more parameters than training samples, allowing the training data to be fit perfectly. That is, training the network effectively learns an interpolating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Suzanna Parkinson , Greg Ongie , Rebecca Willett

1-Lipschitz neural networks are fundamental for generative modelling, inverse problems, and robust classifiers. In this paper, we focus on 1-Lipschitz residual networks (ResNets) based on explicit Euler steps of negative gradient flows and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Davide Murari , Takashi Furuya , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

We study the least-square regression problem with a two-layer fully-connected neural network, with ReLU activation function, trained by gradient flow. Our first result is a generalization result, that requires no assumptions on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Junhyung Park , Patrick Bloebaum , Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan

To understand the training dynamics of neural networks (NNs), prior studies have considered the infinite-width mean-field (MF) limit of two-layer NN, establishing theoretical guarantees of its convergence under gradient flow training as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Zhengdao Chen , Eric Vanden-Eijnden , Joan Bruna

We introduce a Banach space-valued extension of random feature learning, a data-driven supervised machine learning technique for large-scale kernel approximation. By randomly initializing the feature maps, only the linear readout needs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ariel Neufeld , Philipp Schmocker

Proximal gradient methods are a popular tool for the solution of structured, nonsmooth minimization problems. In this work, we investigate an extension of the former to general Banach spaces and provide worst-case convergence rates for,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Gerd Wachsmuth , Daniel Walter

Recent works have characterized the function-space inductive bias of infinite-width bounded-norm single-hidden-layer neural networks as a kind of bounded-variation-type space. This novel neural network Banach space encompasses many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Akash Kumar , Rahul Parhi , Mikhail Belkin

This paper investigates the relationship between the universal approximation property of deep neural networks and topological characteristics of datasets. Our primary contribution is to introduce data topology-dependent upper bounds on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Sangmin Lee , Jong Chul Ye

Understanding implicit bias of gradient descent for generalization capability of ReLU networks has been an important research topic in machine learning research. Unfortunately, even for a single ReLU neuron trained with the square loss, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Sangmin Lee , Byeongsu Sim , Jong Chul Ye

Implicit deep learning has received increasing attention recently due to the fact that it generalizes the recursive prediction rules of many commonly used neural network architectures. Its prediction rule is provided implicitly based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Tianxiang Gao , Hailiang Liu , Jia Liu , Hridesh Rajan , Hongyang Gao

Graph convolutional neural network (GCNN) operates on graph domain and it has achieved a superior performance to accomplish a wide range of tasks. In this paper, we introduce a Barron space of functions on a compact domain of graph signals.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-07 Seok-Young Chung , Qiyu Sun

The paper briefy reviews several recent results on hierarchical architectures for learning from examples, that may formally explain the conditions under which Deep Convolutional Neural Networks perform much better in function approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-12 Hrushikesh Mhaskar , Tomaso Poggio

Constructing or learning a function from a finite number of sampled data points (measurements) is a fundamental problem in science and engineering. This is often formulated as a minimum norm interpolation problem, regularized learning…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-06-26 Rui Wang , Yuesheng Xu

One of the key issues in the analysis of machine learning models is to identify the appropriate function space and norm for the model. This is the set of functions endowed with a quantity which can control the approximation and estimation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Weinan E , Chao Ma , Lei Wu

Recently, versions of neural networks with infinite-dimensional affine operators inside the computational units (``neural operator'' networks) have been applied to learn solutions to differential equations. To enable practical computations,…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Vinícius Luz Oliveira , Vladimir G. Pestov

We prove bounds for the approximation and estimation of certain binary classification functions using ReLU neural networks. Our estimation bounds provide a priori performance guarantees for empirical risk minimization using networks of a…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-11 Andrei Caragea , Philipp Petersen , Felix Voigtlaender

We analyse the convergence of one-hidden-layer ReLU networks trained by gradient flow on $n$ data points. Our main contribution leverages the high dimensionality of the ambient space, which implies low correlation of the input samples, to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-02 Léo Dana , Francis Bach , Loucas Pillaud-Vivien

A key challenge in modern deep learning theory is to explain the remarkable success of gradient-based optimization methods when training large-scale, complex deep neural networks. Though linear convergence of such methods has been proved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yash Jakhmola

While deep learning is successful in a number of applications, it is not yet well understood theoretically. A satisfactory theoretical characterization of deep learning however, is beginning to emerge. It covers the following questions: 1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Tomaso Poggio , Andrzej Banburski , Qianli Liao

This preprint concerns Banach spaces of functions converging at infinity. In particular, spaces of continuous functions, Lebesgue spaces and sequence spaces. In each framework we show versions of Riesz's representation theorem.

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-09-01 Nico Tauchnitz