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Recently, decentralised (on-blockchain) platforms have emerged to complement centralised (off-blockchain) platforms for the implementation of automated, digital (smart) contracts. However, neither alternative can individually satisfy the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-02 Carlos Molina-Jimenez , Ioannis Sfyrakis , Ellis Solaiman , Irene Ng , Meng Weng Wong , Alexis Chun , Jon Crowcroft

A widespread belief in the blockchain security community is that automated techniques are only good for detecting shallow bugs, typically of small value. In this paper, we present the techniques and insights that have led us to repeatable…

In the area of blockchains, a wallet is anything that manages the access to cryptocurrencies and tokens. Off-chain wallets appear in different forms, from paper wallets to hardware wallets to dedicated wallet apps, while on-chain wallets…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Monika di Angelo , Gernot Salzer

Poorly designed smart contracts are particularly vulnerable, as they may allow attackers to exploit weaknesses and steal the virtual currency they manage. In this study, we train a model using unsupervised learning to identify…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Hong-Sheng Huang , Jen-Yi Ho , Hao-Wen Chen , Hung-Min Sun

Smart contract is one of the core features of Ethereum and has inspired many blockchain descendants. Since its advent, the verification paradigm of smart contract has been improving toward high scalability. It shifts from the expensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Zihan Zheng , Peichen Xie , Xian Zhang , Shuo Chen , Yang Chen , Xiaobing Guo , Guangzhong Sun , Guangyu Sun , Lidong Zhou

Blockchain transactions are signed by private keys. Secure key storage and tamper-proof computers are essential requirements for deploying a trusted infrastructure. In this paper, we identify some threats against blockchain wallets and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Pascal Urien

Smart contracts are small programs that run autonomously on the blockchain, using it as their persistent memory. The predominant platform for smart contracts is the Ethereum VM (EVM). In EVM smart contracts, a problem with significant…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Sifis Lagouvardos , Yannis Bollanos , Michael Debono , Neville Grech , Yannis Smaragdakis

Smart contracts hold digital coins worth billions of dollars, their security issues have drawn extensive attention in the past years. Towards smart contract vulnerability detection, conventional methods heavily rely on fixed expert rules,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Zhenguang Liu , Peng Qian , Xiang Wang , Lei Zhu , Qinming He , Shouling Ji

To meet the diverse needs of users, the rapid advancement of cloud-edge-device collaboration has become a standard practice. However, this complex environment, particularly in untrusted (non-collaborative) scenarios, presents numerous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Kexian Liu , Jianfeng Guan , Xiaolong Hu , Jing Zhang , Jianli Liu , Hongke Zhang

Smart contracts are widely utilized in cross-chain interactions, where their results are transmitted from one blockchain (the producer blockchain) to another (the consumer blockchain). Unfortunately, the consumer blockchain often accepts…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Hong Su

Wireless Sensor networks (WSN) today suffer from a lack of security adapted to their multiple constraints, to which authentication and trust management solutions such as PGP only partially responds. On the one hand, the constraints of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-03 Axel Moinet , Benoît Darties , Jean-Luc Baril

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has significantly expanded attack surfaces, making IoT ecosystems particularly susceptible to sophisticated cyber threats. To address this challenge, this work introduces A-THENA, a…

Vulnerability detection and safety of smart contracts are of paramount importance because of their immutable nature. Symbolic tools like OYENTE and MAIAN are typically used for vulnerability prediction in smart contracts. As these tools are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Ajay K. Gogineni , S. Swayamjyoti , Devadatta Sahoo , Kisor K. Sahu , Raj kishore

Recently, the birth of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) has attracted great attention. NFTs are capable of representing users' ownership on the blockchain and have experienced tremendous market sales due to their popularity. Unfortunately, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Shuo Yang , Jiachi Chen , Zibin Zheng

Ethereum smart contracts are programs that can be collectively executed by a network of mutually untrusted nodes. Smart contracts handle and transfer assets of values, offering strong incentives for malicious attacks. Intrusion attacks are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Xinming Wang , Jiahao He , Zhijian Xie , Gansen Zhao , Shing-Chi Cheung

Ethereum smart contracts are public, immutable and distributed and, as such, they are prone to vulnerabilities sourcing from programming mistakes of developers. This paper presents SAFEVM, a verification tool for Ethereum smart contracts…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Elvira Albert , Jesús Correas , Pablo Gordillo , Guillermo Román-Díez , Albert Rubio

Blockchain platforms and smart contracts are vulnerable to security breaches. Security breaches of smart contracts have led to huge financial losses in terms of cryptocurrencies and tokens. In this paper, we present a systematic survey of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-16 S. Vani , M. Doshi , A. Nanavati , A. Kundu

The evaluation of smart contract reputability is essential to foster trust in decentralized ecosystems. However, existing methods that rely solely on code analysis or transactional data, offer limited insight into evolving trustworthiness.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Cyrus Malik , Josef Bajada , Joshua Ellul

As blockchain applications become increasingly widespread, there is a rising demand for on-chain data queries. However, existing schemes for on-chain data queries face a challenge between verifiability and efficiency. Queries on blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Meng Shen , Yuzhi Liu , Qinglin Zhao , Wei Wang , Wei Ou , Wenbao Han , Liehuang Zhu

Since IoT systems provide services over the Internet, they must continue to operate safely even if malicious users attack them. Since the computational resources of edge devices connected to the IoT are limited, lightweight platforms and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Kentaro Ohno , Norihiro Yoshida , Wenqing Zhu , Hiroaki Takada