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We propose a method to enhance 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS)~\cite{Kerbl2023}, addressing challenges in initialization, optimization, and density control. Gaussian Splatting is an alternative for rendering realistic images while supporting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Xingjun Wang , Lianlei Shan

3DGS employs a large number of Gaussian primitives to fit scenes, resulting in substantial storage and computational overhead. Existing pruning methods rely on manually designed criteria or introduce additional learnable parameters,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Xiaobin Deng , Qiuli Yu , Changyu Diao , Min Li , Duanqing Xu

Local optimization presents a promising approach to expensive, high-dimensional black-box optimization by sidestepping the need to globally explore the search space. For objective functions whose gradient cannot be evaluated directly,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Quan Nguyen , Kaiwen Wu , Jacob R. Gardner , Roman Garnett

Nanophotonic device design aims to optimize photonic structures to meet specific requirements across various applications. Inverse design has unlocked non-intuitive, high-dimensional design spaces, enabling the discovery of high-performance…

In this work we investigate the practicality of stochastic gradient descent and recently introduced variants with variance-reduction techniques in imaging inverse problems. Such algorithms have been shown in the machine learning literature…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-26 Junqi Tang , Karen Egiazarian , Mohammad Golbabaee , Mike Davies

Optimization algorithms are pivotal in advancing various scientific and industrial fields but often encounter obstacles such as trapping in local minima, saddle points, and plateaus (flat regions), which makes the convergence to reasonable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-15 Amir M. Vahedi , Horea T. Ilies

Recently, 3D Gaussian Splatting has emerged as a prominent research direction owing to its ultrarapid training speed and high-fidelity rendering capabilities. However, the unstructured and irregular nature of Gaussian point clouds poses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Xiao Ren , Yu Liu , Ning An , Jian Cheng , Xin Qiao , He Kong

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method is popular for solving non-convex optimization problems in machine learning. This work investigates SGD from a viewpoint of graduated optimization, which is a widely applied approach for non-convex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-15 Da Li , Jingjing Wu , Qingrun Zhang

Non-convex optimization problems are ubiquitous in machine learning, especially in Deep Learning. While such complex problems can often be successfully optimized in practice by using stochastic gradient descent (SGD), theoretical analysis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Harsh Vardhan , Sebastian U. Stich

3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has advanced radiance field reconstruction by enabling real-time rendering. However, its reliance on Gaussian kernels for geometry and low-order Spherical Harmonics (SH) for color encoding limits its ability to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Rong Liu , Dylan Sun , Meida Chen , Yue Wang , Andrew Feng

Recent 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) representations have demonstrated remarkable performance in novel view synthesis; further, material-lighting disentanglement on 3DGS warrants relighting capabilities and its adaptability to broader…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Kai Ye , Chong Gao , Guanbin Li , Wenzheng Chen , Baoquan Chen

The graduated optimization approach is a method for finding global optimal solutions for nonconvex functions by using a function smoothing operation with stochastic noise. This paper makes three contributions regarding graduated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Naoki Sato , Hideaki Iiduka

The reconstruction of 3D objects from calibrated photographs represents a fundamental yet intricate challenge in the domains of computer graphics and vision. Although neural reconstruction approaches based on Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Bang Du , Runfa Blark Li , Chen Du , Truong Nguyen

Graduated optimization is a global optimization technique that is used to minimize a multimodal nonconvex function by smoothing the objective function with noise and gradually refining the solution. This paper experimentally evaluates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Naoki Sato , Hideaki Iiduka

In the field of 3D dynamic scene reconstruction, how to balance model convergence rate and rendering quality has long been a critical challenge that urgently needs to be addressed, particularly in high-precision modeling of scenes with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Nengbo Lu , Minghua Pan , Shaohua Sun , Yizhou Liang

Recent advances in 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) have focused on accelerating optimization while preserving reconstruction quality. However, many proposed methods entangle implementation-level improvements with fundamental algorithmic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Florian Hahlbohm , Linus Franke , Martin Eisemann , Marcus Magnor

We propose a novel algorithm that extends the methods of ball smoothing and Gaussian smoothing for noisy derivative-free optimization by accounting for the heterogeneous curvature of the objective function. The algorithm dynamically adapts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Sam Reifenstein , Timothee Leleu , Yoshihisa Yamamoto

This paper formalizes and analyzes Gaussian smoothing applied to two prominent optimization methods: Stochastic Gradient Descent (GSmoothSGD) and Adam (GSmoothAdam) in deep learning. By attenuating small fluctuations, Gaussian smoothing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-19 Andrew Starnes , Clayton Webster

Inspired by Gauss-Newton-like methods, we study the benefit of leveraging the structure of deep learning objectives, namely, the composition of a convex loss function and of a nonlinear network, in order to derive better direction oracles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Vincent Roulet , Mathieu Blondel

Inverse problems in granular flows, such as landslides and debris flows, involve estimating material parameters or boundary conditions based on target runout profile. Traditional high-fidelity simulators for these inverse problems are…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-04-29 Yongjin Choi , Krishna Kumar