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The acceleration of solar flare ions during magnetic reconnection is explored via particle-in-cell simulations that self-consistently follow the motions of both protons and $\alpha$ particles. We demonstrate that the dominant ion heating…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 Kalman Knizhnik , Marc Swisdak , James F. Drake

The discovery of rapid synchrotron gamma-ray flares above 100 MeV from the Crab Nebula has attracted new interest in alternative particle acceleration mechanisms in pulsar wind nebulae. Diffuse shock-acceleration fails to explain the flares…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-17 Benoit Cerutti , Gregory R. Werner , Dmitri A. Uzdensky , Mitchell C. Begelman

Relativistic jets are believed to be born magnetically dominated. Very and ultra-high energy cosmic rays can be efficiently accelerated by magnetic reconnection in these sources. We here demonstrate this directly, with no extrapolations to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-21 E. De Gouveia Dal Pino , T. E. Medina-Torrejon , L. H. S. Kadowaki , G. Kowal , J. C. Rodriguez-Ramirez

The time evolution of high-energy synchrotron radiation generated in a relativistic pair plasma energized by reconnection of strong magnetic fields is investigated with two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) particle-in-cell (PIC)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-07 K. M. Schoeffler , T. Grismayer , D. Uzdensky , L. O. Silva

Magnetic reconnection is a ubiquitous and fundamental process in plasmas by which magnetic fields change their topology and release magnetic energy. Despite decades of research, the physics governing the reconnection process in many…

The multi-wavelength spectral and temporal variability observed in blazars set tight constraints on current theoretical emission models. Here, we investigate the relativistic magnetic reconnection process as a source of blazar emission in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-12-04 I. M. Christie , M. Petropoulou , L. Sironi , D. Giannios

Recent experiments have observed magnetic reconnection in high-energy-density, laser-produced plasma bubbles, with reconnection rates observed to be much higher than can be explained by classical theory. Based on fully kinetic particle…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 W. Fox , A. Bhattacharjee , K. Germaschewski

The plasmoid-induced-reconnection model explaining solar flares based on bursty reconnection produced by an ejecting plasmoid suggests a possible relation between the ejection velocity of a plasmoid and the rate of magnetic reconnection. In…

The origin of extremely fast variability is one of the long-standing questions in the gamma-ray astronomy of blazars. While many models explain the slower, lower energy variability, they cannot easily account for such fast flares reaching…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-18 J. Jormanainen , T. Hovatta , I. M. Christie , E. Lindfors , M. Petropoulou , I. Liodakis

We develop a model of gamma-ray flares of the Crab Nebula resulting from the magnetic reconnection events in highly-magnetized relativistic plasma. We first discuss physical parameters of the Crab nebula and review the theory of pulsar…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-06-06 Maxim Lyutikov , Serguei Komissarov , Lorenzo Sironi , Oliver Porth

Sgr~A* often shows bright, episodic flares observationally, the mechanism of the flares intermittent brightening is not very clear. Many people believe the flares may formed by the non-thermal particles, which can be a consequence of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-03 TianLe-Zhao , XiaoFeng-Li , ZeYuan-Tang , Rajiv Kumar

The jet composition and energy dissipation mechanism of Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and Blazars are fundamental questions which remain not fully understood. One plausible model is to interpret the $\gamma$-ray emission of GRBs and optical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-04-27 Wei Deng , Haocheng Zhang , Bing Zhang , Hui Li

Magnetic reconnection -- a fundamental plasma physics process, where magnetic field lines of opposite polarity annihilate -- is invoked in astrophysical plasmas as a powerful mechanism of nonthermal particle acceleration, able to explain…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-17 Lorenzo Sironi , Dmitri A. Uzdensky , Dimitrios Giannios

Magnetic reconnection is a universal process that powers explosive energy release events such as solar flares, geomagnetic substorms, and some astrophysical jets. A characteristic feature of magnetic reconnection is the production of fast…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-15 Chengcai Shen , Bin Chen , Katharine K. Reeves , Sijie Yu , Vanessa Polito , Xiaoyan Xie

The unusually short durations, high luminosities, and high photon energies of the Crab Nebula gamma-ray flares require relativistic bulk motion of the emitting plasma. We explain the Crab flares as the result of randomly oriented…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-05 Eric Clausen-Brown , Maxim Lyutikov

Magnetic reconnection is a rapid energy release process that is believed to be responsible for flares on the Sun and stars. Nevertheless, such flare-related reconnection is mostly detected to occur in the corona, while there have been few…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-21 Jie Hong , M. D. Ding , Ying Li , Kai Yang , Xin Cheng , Feng Chen , Cheng Fang , Wenda Cao

The nearly 100% linear polarization has been reported for a few fast radio bursts. This finding places severe limits on the emission mechanism. I argue that the totally polarized radiation could be generated in the course of relativistic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-08 Yuri Lyubarsky

We report on the first study of the angular distribution of energetic particles and radiation generated in relativistic collisionless electron-positron pair plasma reconnection, using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. We…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-05 Benoit Cerutti , Gregory R. Werner , Dmitri A. Uzdensky , Mitchell C. Begelman

The evolution of the spectral energy distribution during flares constrains models of particle acceleration in blazar jets. The archetypical blazar BL Lac provided a unique opportunity to study spectral variations during an extended strong…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-15 S. Agarwal , B. Banerjee , A. Shukla , J. Roy , S. Acharya , B. Vaidya , V. R. Chitnis , S. M. Wagner , K. Mannheim , M. Branchesi

A model for the solar coronal magnetic field is proposed where multiple directed loops evolve in space and time. Loops injected at small scales are anchored by footpoints of opposite polarity moving randomly on a surface. Nearby footpoints…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 D. Hughes , M. Paczuski , R. O. Dendy , P. Helander , K. G. McClements