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It has long been assumed that the planet Jupiter acts as a giant shield, significantly lowering the impact rate of minor bodies upon the Earth, and thus enabling the development and evolution of life in a collisional environment which is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Jonti Horner , Barrie W Jones

More than two decades after the widespread detection of Jovian-class planets on short-period orbits around other stars, their dynamical origins remain imperfectly understood. In the traditional narrative, these highly irradiated giant…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-17 Elizabeth Bailey , Konstantin Batygin

The origin of hot Jupiters -- gas giant exoplanets orbiting very close to their host stars -- is a long-standing puzzle. Planet formation theories suggest that such planets are unlikely to have formed in-situ but instead may have formed at…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Nikku Madhusudhan , Mustafa A. Amin , Grant M. Kennedy

We aim to compute the impact rates for objects with a diameter of 1 km onto the regular satellites of Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus using our latest dynamical simulations of the evolution of outer solar system coupled with the best estimates…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-12 R. Brasser , E. W. Wong , S. C. Werner

We perform long-term simulations, up to ten billion years, of closely-spaced configurations of 2 -- 6 planets, each as massive as the Earth, traveling on nested orbits about either stellar component in $\alpha$ Centauri AB. The innermost…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-06 Billy Quarles , Jack J. Lissauer

Hot Jupiters on extremely short-period orbits are expected to be unstable to tidal dissipation and spiral toward their host stars. That is because they transfer the angular momentum of the orbital motion through tidal dissipation into the…

Among a hundred transiting planets with a measured projected spin-orbit angle {\lambda}, several systems are suggested to be counter-orbiting. While they may be due to the projection effect, the mechanism to produce a counter-orbiting…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-23 Yuxin Xue , Yasushi Suto

Arjuna-type orbits are characterized by being Earth-like, having both low-eccentricity and low-inclination. Objects following these trajectories experience repeated trappings in the 1:1 commensurability with the Earth and can become…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-01-05 C. de la Fuente Marcos , R. de la Fuente Marcos

Ceres is the largest and most massive body in the asteroid main belt. Observational data from the Dawn spacecraft reveal the presence of at least two impact craters about 280~km in diameter on the Ceres surface, that could have expelled a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-24 V. Carruba , D. Nesvorný , S. Marchi , S. Aljbaae

The existence of hot Jupiters has challenged theories of planetary formation since the first extrasolar planets were detected. Giant planets are generally believed to form far from their host stars, where volatile materials like water exist…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-29 Juliette C. Becker , Andrew Vanderburg , Fred C. Adams , Tali Khain , Marta Bryan

A handful of planetary systems hosting a Hot Jupiter have been subsequently found to also host long-period giant planets. These ``cold Jupiters,'' giant planets residing beyond the snow line ($\sim$3\,au), play an important role in the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-16 Adriana Errico , Robert A. Wittenmyer , Jonathan Horner , Brad Carter , Valeria López

[Abridged] We evaluate the coorbital corotation torque on a migrating protoplanet. The coorbital torque is assumed to come from orbit crossing fluid elements which exchange angular momentum with the planet when they execute a U-turn at the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 F. S. Masset , J. C. B. Papaloizou

We study the steady-state orbital distributions of giant planets migrating through the combination of the Kozai-Lidov (KL) mechanism due to a stellar companion and friction due to tides raised on the planet by the host star. We run a large…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-01-15 Cristobal Petrovich

The 4.2-day orbit of the newly discovered planet around 51~Pegasi is formally unstable to tidal dissipation. However, the orbital decay time in this system is longer than the main-sequence lifetime of the central star. Given our best…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 F. A. Rasio , C. A. Tout , S. H. Lubow , M. Livio

We investigate the migration of massive extrasolar planets due to gravitational interaction with a viscous protoplanetary disc. We show that a model in which planets form at 5 AU at a constant rate, before migrating, leads to a predicted…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Philip J. Armitage , Mario Livio , S. H. Lubow , J. E. Pringle

Radial velocity surveys suggest that the Solar System may be unusual and that Jupiter-like planets have a frequency <20% around solar-type stars. However, they may be much more common in one of the closest associations in the solar…

A wealth of Earth-sized exoplanets will be discovered in the coming years, proving a large pool of candidates from which the targets for the search for life beyond the Solar system will be chosen. The target selection process will require…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Jonathan Horner , Pam Vervoort , Stephen R. Kane , Alma Y. Ceja , David Waltham , James Gilmore , Sandra Kirtland Turner

Photometry from the Helios and STEREO spacecraft revealed regions of enhanced sky surface-brightness suggesting a narrow circumsolar ring of dust associated with Venus's orbit. We model this phenomenon by integrating the orbits of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-30 Petr Pokorný , Marc J. Kuchner

(Abridged) The solar system gas giant planets are oblate due to their rapid rotation. A measurement of the planet's projected oblateness would constrain the planet's rotational period. Planets that are synchronously rotating with their…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 S. Seager , Lam Hui

The exoplanet population characterized by relatively short orbital periods ($P<100$ d) around solar-type stars is dominated by super-Earths and sub-Neptunes. However, these planets are missing in our Solar System and the reason behind this…