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In this paper, we extend mean-field Langevin dynamics to minimax optimization over probability distributions for the first time with symmetric and provably convergent updates. We propose mean-field Langevin averaged gradient (MFL-AG), a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-19 Juno Kim , Kakei Yamamoto , Kazusato Oko , Zhuoran Yang , Taiji Suzuki

The mean-field Langevin dynamics (MFLD) minimizes an entropy-regularized nonlinear convex functional on the Wasserstein space over $\mathbb{R}^d$, and has gained attention recently as a model for the gradient descent dynamics of interacting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Anming Gu , Juno Kim

The mean-field Langevin dynamics (MFLD) is a nonlinear generalization of the Langevin dynamics that incorporates a distribution-dependent drift, and it naturally arises from the optimization of two-layer neural networks via (noisy) gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Taiji Suzuki , Denny Wu , Atsushi Nitanda

As an example of the nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation, the mean field Langevin dynamics recently attracts attention due to its connection to (noisy) gradient descent on infinitely wide neural networks in the mean field regime, and hence the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-28 Atsushi Nitanda , Denny Wu , Taiji Suzuki

We propose a new method called the N-particle underdamped Langevin algorithm for optimizing a special class of non-linear functionals defined over the space of probability measures. Examples of problems with this formulation include…

Computation · Statistics 2024-02-07 Qiang Fu , Ashia Wilson

We develop a framework for the analysis of deep neural networks and neural ODE models that are trained with stochastic gradient algorithms. We do that by identifying the connections between control theory, deep learning and theory of…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-03-18 Jean-François Jabir , David Šiška , Łukasz Szpruch

Our work is motivated by a desire to study the theoretical underpinning for the convergence of stochastic gradient type algorithms widely used for non-convex learning tasks such as training of neural networks. The key insight, already…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-12-15 Kaitong Hu , Zhenjie Ren , David Siska , Lukasz Szpruch

We look at the long time behavior of potential Mean Field Games (briefly MFG) using some standard tools from weak KAM theory. We first show that the time-dependent minimization problem converges to an ergodic constant $-\lambda$, then we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-30 Marco Masoero

Feature learning (FL), where neural networks adapt their internal representations during training, remains poorly understood. Using methods from statistical physics, we derive a tractable, self-consistent mean-field (MF) theory for the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Niclas Göring , Chris Mingard , Yoonsoo Nam , Ard Louis

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have enjoyed tremendous success in image generation and processing, and have recently attracted growing interests in financial modelings. This paper analyzes GANs from the perspectives of mean-field…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Haoyang Cao , Xin Guo , Mathieu Laurière

We consider deterministic Mean Field Games (MFG) in all Euclidean space with a cost functional continuous with respect to the distribution of the agents and attaining its minima in a compact set. We first show that the static MFG with such…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-03-18 Martino Bardi , Hicham Kouhkouh

We investigate reinforcement learning in the setting of Markov decision processes for a large number of exchangeable agents interacting in a mean field manner. Applications include, for example, the control of a large number of robots…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-30 René Carmona , Mathieu Laurière , Zongjun Tan

In this paper we study a type of games regularized by the relative entropy, where the players' strategies are coupled through a random environment variable. Besides the existence and the uniqueness of equilibria of such games, we prove that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Giovanni Conforti , Anna Kazeykina , Zhenjie Ren

This paper introduces a new method based on Deep Galerkin Methods (DGMs) for solving high-dimensional stochastic Mean Field Games (MFGs). We achieve this by using two neural networks to approximate the unknown solutions of the MFG system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Mouhcine Assouli , Badr Missaoui

The goal of this paper is to study a Mean Field Game (MFG) system stemming from the harvesting of resources. Modelling the latter through a reaction-diffusion equation and the harvesters as competing rational agents, we are led to a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-06-11 Ziad Kobeissi , Idriss Mazari-Fouquer , Domènec Ruiz-Balet

Several important learning tasks can be formulated as minimizing an entropy-regularized objective over an appropriate space of probability distributions. Mean-field Langevin dynamics (MFLD) facilitate computation in this general context,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zonghao Chen , Heishiro Kanagawa , François-Xavier Briol , Chris J. Oates , Lester Mackey

We present the development and analysis of a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm designed to solve continuous-space mean field game (MFG) and mean field control (MFC) problems in a unified manner. The proposed approach pairs the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-07 Andrea Angiuli , Jean-Pierre Fouque , Ruimeng Hu , Alan Raydan

We demonstrate the versatility of mean-field games (MFGs) as a mathematical framework for explaining, enhancing, and designing generative models. In generative flows, a Lagrangian formulation is used where each particle (generated sample)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-25 Benjamin J. Zhang , Markos A. Katsoulakis

Federated learning (FL) provides a communication-efficient approach to solve machine learning problems concerning distributed data, without sending raw data to a central server. However, existing works on FL only utilize first-order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Wei Liu , Li Chen , Yunfei Chen , Wenyi Zhang

In this paper, we study the fundamental statistical efficiency of Reinforcement Learning in Mean-Field Control (MFC) and Mean-Field Game (MFG) with general model-based function approximation. We introduce a new concept called Mean-Field…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Jiawei Huang , Batuhan Yardim , Niao He
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