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Tsetlin Machines (TsMs) are a promising and interpretable machine learning method which can be applied for various classification tasks. We present an exact encoding of TsMs into propositional logic and formally verify properties of TsMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Emilia Przybysz , Bimal Bhattarai , Cosimo Persia , Ana Ozaki , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Jivitesh Sharma

Despite significant effort, building models that are both interpretable and accurate is an unresolved challenge for many pattern recognition problems. In general, rule-based and linear models lack accuracy, while deep learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-12 K. Darshana Abeyrathna , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Morten Goodwin

This paper introduces the Sparse Tsetlin Machine (STM), a novel Tsetlin Machine (TM) that processes sparse data efficiently. Traditionally, the TM does not consider data characteristics such as sparsity, commonly seen in NLP applications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Sebastian Østby , Tobias M. Brambo , Sondre Glimsdal

Tsetlin Machine (TM) is an interpretable pattern recognition algorithm based on propositional logic, which has demonstrated competitive performance in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, including sentiment analysis, text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Rohan Kumar Yadav , Lei Jiao , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Morten Goodwin

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) has gained significant attention in Machine Learning (ML). By employing logical fundamentals, it facilitates pattern learning and representation, offering an alternative approach for developing comprehensible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Ahmed K. Kadhim , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao , Rishad Shafik

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) is a novel alternative to deep neural networks (DNNs). Unlike DNNs, which rely on multi-path arithmetic operations, a TM learns propositional logic patterns from data literals using Tsetlin automata. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Shengyu Duan , Rishad Shafik , Alex Yakovlev

Pattern recognition with concise and flat AND-rules makes the Tsetlin Machine (TM) both interpretable and efficient, while the power of Tsetlin automata enables accuracy comparable to deep learning on an increasing number of datasets. We…

Medical applications challenge today's text categorization techniques by demanding both high accuracy and ease-of-interpretation. Although deep learning has provided a leap ahead in accuracy, this leap comes at the sacrifice of…

Tsetlin Machines (TMs) have emerged as a compelling alternative to conventional deep learning methods, offering notable advantages such as smaller memory footprint, faster inference, fault-tolerant properties, and interpretability. Although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 K. Darshana Abeyrathna , Sara El Mekkaoui , Andreas Hafver , Christian Agrell

Green Tsetlin (GT) is a Tsetlin Machine (TM) framework developed to solve real-world problems using TMs. Several frameworks already exist that provide access to TM implementations. However, these either lack features or have a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Sondre Glimsdal , Sebastian Østby , Tobias M. Brambo , Eirik M. Vinje

Recommendation Systems (RSs) are ubiquitous in modern society and are one of the largest points of interaction between humans and AI. Modern RSs are often implemented using deep learning models, which are infamously difficult to interpret.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Karl Audun Borgersen , Morten Goodwin , Jivitesh Sharma

Recent research in novelty detection focuses mainly on document-level classification, employing deep neural networks (DNN). However, the black-box nature of DNNs makes it difficult to extract an exact explanation of why a document is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Bimal Bhattarai , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao

In this paper, we apply a new promising tool for pattern classification, namely, the Tsetlin Machine (TM), to the field of disease forecasting. The TM is interpretable because it is based on manipulating expressions in propositional logic,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-25 K. Darshana Abeyrathna , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Xuan Zhang , Morten Goodwin

Tsetlin Machines (TMs) capture patterns using conjunctive clauses in propositional logic, thus facilitating interpretation. However, recent TM-based approaches mainly rely on inspecting the full range of clauses individually. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Christian D. Blakely , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) architecture has recently demonstrated effectiveness in Machine Learning (ML), particularly within Natural Language Processing (NLP). It has been utilized to construct word embedding using conjunctive propositional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Ahmed K. Kadhim , Lei Jiao , Rishad Shafik , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Bimal Bhattarai

The PC algorithm is a widely used method in causal inference for learning the structure of Bayesian networks. Despite its popularity, the PC algorithm suffers from significant time complexity, particularly as the size of the dataset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Kunal Dumbre , Lei Jiao , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

We present an all-digital programmable machine learning accelerator chip for image classification, underpinning on the Tsetlin machine (TM) principles. The TM is an emerging machine learning algorithm founded on propositional logic,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Svein Anders Tunheim , Yujin Zheng , Lei Jiao , Rishad Shafik , Alex Yakovlev , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

The proliferation of fake news, i.e., news intentionally spread for misinformation, poses a threat to individuals and society. Despite various fact-checking websites such as PolitiFact, robust detection techniques are required to deal with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Bimal Bhattarai , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao

Embedding models in natural language processing (NLP) increasingly rely on deep architectures such as BERT, while simpler models such as Word2Vec provide efficient representations but limited interpretability. The Tsetlin Machine (TM)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ahmed K. Kadhim , Lei Jiao , Rishad Shafik , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Mayur Kishor Shende

In this paper, we introduce a sparse Tsetlin Machine (TM) with absorbing Tsetlin Automata (TA) states. In brief, the TA of each clause literal has both an absorbing Exclude- and an absorbing Include state, making the learning scheme…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Bimal Bhattarai , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Lei Jiao , Per-Arne Andersen , Svein Anders Tunheim , Rishad Shafik , Alex Yakovlev