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A family of algorithms for time series classification (TSC) involve running a sliding window across each series, discretising the window to form a word, forming a histogram of word counts over the dictionary, then constructing a classifier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 James Large , Anthony Bagnall , Simon Malinowski , Romain Tavenard

Time series classification (TSC) aims to predict the class label of a given time series, which is critical to a rich set of application areas such as economics and medicine. State-of-the-art TSC methods have mostly focused on classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Nestor Cabello , Elham Naghizade , Jianzhong Qi , Lars Kulik

Time series, characterized by a sequence of data points organized in a discrete-time order, are ubiquitous in real-world scenarios. Unlike other data modalities, time series present unique challenges in learning and modeling due to their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yuxuan Wang , Haixu Wu , Jiaxiang Dong , Yong Liu , Chen Wang , Mingsheng Long , Jianmin Wang

A plethora of multi-view subspace clustering (MVSC) methods have been proposed over the past few years. Researchers manage to boost clustering accuracy from different points of view. However, many state-of-the-art MVSC algorithms, typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Zhao Kang , Wangtao Zhou , Zhitong Zhao , Junming Shao , Meng Han , Zenglin Xu

In this work, we introduce metrics to evaluate the use of simplified time series in the context of interpretability of a TSC -- a Time Series Classifier. Such simplifications are important because time series data, in contrast to text and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Brigt Håvardstun , Felix Marti-Perez , Cèsar Ferri , Jan Arne Telle

Time Series Classification (TSC) has been an important and challenging task in data mining, especially on multivariate time series and multi-view time series data sets. Meanwhile, transfer learning has been widely applied in computer vision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-18 Donglin Zhan , Shiyu Yi , Dongli Xu , Xiao Yu , Denglin Jiang , Siqi Yu , Haoting Zhang , Wenfang Shangguan , Weihua Zhang

Modern applications frequently collect and analyze temporal data in the form of multivariate time series (MTS) -- time series that contain multiple channels. A common task in this context is subsequence search, which involves identifying…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Jens E. d'Hondt , Teun Kortekaas , Odysseas Papapetrou , Themis Palpanas

For the advancements of time series classification, scrutinizing previous studies, most existing methods adopt a common learning-to-classify paradigm - a time series classifier model tries to learn the relation between sequence inputs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Mingyue Cheng , Yiheng Chen , Qi Liu , Zhiding Liu , Yucong Luo

Deep learning-based methods for Time Series Classification (TSC) typically utilize deep networks to extract features, which are then processed through a combination of a Fully Connected (FC) layer and a SoftMax function. However, we have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Fan Zhao , You Chen

The time series cluster kernel (TCK) provides a powerful tool for analysing multivariate time series subject to missing data. TCK is designed using an ensemble learning approach in which Bayesian mixture models form the base models. Because…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Karl Øyvind Mikalsen , Cristina Soguero-Ruiz , Filippo Maria Bianchi , Arthur Revhaug , Robert Jenssen

Previous research has indicated that deep neural network based models for time series classification (TSC) tasks are prone to overfitting. This issue can be mitigated by employing strategies that prevent the model from becoming overly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Hengyi Ma , Weitong Chen

Ensemble methods have played a crucial role in achieving state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance across various machine learning tasks by leveraging the diversity of features learned by individual models. In Time Series Classification (TSC),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Javidan Abdullayev , Maxime Devanne , Cyril Meyer , Ali Ismail-Fawaz , Jonathan Weber , Germain Forestier

Time series motif discovery has been a fundamental task to identify meaningful repeated patterns in time series. Recently, time series chains were introduced as an expansion of time series motifs to identify the continuous evolving patterns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Li Zhang , Yan Zhu , Yifeng Gao , Jessica Lin

In current research, machine and deep learning solutions for the classification of temporal data are shifting from single-channel datasets (univariate) to problems with multiple channels of information (multivariate). The majority of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Leonardos Pantiskas , Kees Verstoep , Mark Hoogendoorn , Henri Bal

Time Series Classification (TSC) problems are encountered in many real life data mining tasks ranging from medicine and security to human activity recognition and food safety. With the recent success of deep neural networks in various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Hassan Ismail Fawaz , Germain Forestier , Jonathan Weber , Lhassane Idoumghar , Pierre-Alain Muller

Similarity-based approaches represent a promising direction for time series analysis. However, many such methods rely on parameter tuning, and some have shortcomings if the time series are multivariate (MTS), due to dependencies between…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-06-30 Karl Øyvind Mikalsen , Filippo Maria Bianchi , Cristina Soguero-Ruiz , Robert Jenssen

A time series is a sequence of sequentially ordered real values in time. Time series classification (TSC) is the task of assigning a time series to one of a set of predefined classes, usually based on a model learned from examples.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Patrick Schäfer , Ulf Leser

Learning transferable representations from unlabeled time series is crucial for improving performance in data-scarce classification. Existing self-supervised methods often operate at the point level and rely on unidirectional encoding,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Mingyue Cheng , Xiaoyu Tao , Zhiding Liu , Qi Liu , Hao Zhang , Rujiao Zhang , Enhong Chen

Multi-label classification (MLC) is an ML task of predictive modeling in which a data instance can simultaneously belong to multiple classes. MLC is increasingly gaining interest in different application domains such as text mining,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Ana Kostovska , Carola Doerr , Sašo Džeroski , Dragi Kocev , Panče Panov , Tome Eftimov

Learning decent representations from unlabeled time-series data with temporal dynamics is a very challenging task. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised Time-Series representation learning framework via Temporal and Contextual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Emadeldeen Eldele , Mohamed Ragab , Zhenghua Chen , Min Wu , Chee Keong Kwoh , Xiaoli Li , Cuntai Guan