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We consider the restless multi-armed bandit (RMAB) problem with unknown dynamics in which a player chooses M out of N arms to play at each time. The reward state of each arm transits according to an unknown Markovian rule when it is played…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2011-12-30 Haoyang Liu , Keqin Liu , Qing Zhao

We consider the classical multi-armed bandit problem with Markovian rewards. When played an arm changes its state in a Markovian fashion while it remains frozen when not played. The player receives a state-dependent reward each time it…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-15 Cem Tekin , Mingyan Liu

A smart target, also referred to as a reactive target, can take maneuvering motions to hinder radar tracking. We address beam scheduling for tracking multiple smart targets in phased array radar networks. We aim to mitigate the performance…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-14 Yuhang Hao , Zengfu Wang , José Niño-Mora , Jing Fu , Min Yang , Quan Pan

We formulate a multi-armed bandit (MAB) approach to choosing expert policies online in Markov decision processes (MDPs). Given a set of expert policies trained on a state and action space, the goal is to maximize the cumulative reward of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-07-19 Eric Mazumdar , Roy Dong , Vicenç Rúbies Royo , Claire Tomlin , S. Shankar Sastry

We consider the discrete time infinite horizon average reward restless markovian bandit (RMAB) problem. We propose a \emph{model predictive control} based non-stationary policy with a rolling computational horizon $\tau$. At each time-slot,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-06 Nicolas Gast , Dheeraj Narasimha

The multi-armed bandit (MAB) model is one of the most classical models to study decision-making in an uncertain environment. In this model, a player chooses one of $K$ possible arms of a bandit machine to play at each time step, where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Bo Li , Chi Ho Yeung

We consider a general infinite horizon Heterogeneous Restless multi-armed Bandit (RMAB). Heterogeneity is a fundamental problem for many real-world systems largely because it resists many concentration arguments. In this paper, we assume…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-12 Dheeraj Narasimha , Nicolas Gast

Whittle index policy is a heuristic to the intractable restless multi-armed bandits (RMAB) problem. Although it is provably asymptotically optimal, finding Whittle indices remains difficult. In this paper, we present Neural-Q-Whittle, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Guojun Xiong , Jian Li

The multi-armed bandit(MAB) is a classical sequential decision problem. Most work requires assumptions about the reward distribution (e.g., bounded), while practitioners may have difficulty obtaining information about these distributions to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Han Qi , Fei Guo , Li Zhu

The (contextual) multi-armed bandit problem (MAB) provides a formalization of sequential decision-making which has many applications. However, validly evaluating MAB policies is challenging; we either resort to simulations which inherently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-22 Jules Kruijswijk , Petri Parvinen , Maurits Kaptein

This paper is in the field of stochastic Multi-Armed Bandits (MABs), i.e., those sequential selection techniques able to learn online using only the feedback given by the chosen option (a.k.a. arm). We study a particular case of the rested…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Alberto Maria Metelli , Francesco Trovò , Matteo Pirola , Marcello Restelli

Restless multi-armed bandits (RMABs) have been highly successful in optimizing sequential resource allocation across many domains. However, in many practical settings with highly scarce resources, where each agent can only receive at most…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Guojun Xiong , Haichuan Wang , Yuqi Pan , Saptarshi Mandal , Sanket Shah , Niclas Boehmer , Milind Tambe

Restless Multi-Armed Bandits (RMABs) offer a powerful framework for solving resource constrained maximization problems. However, the formulation can be inappropriate for settings where the limiting constraint is a reward threshold rather…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-06 R. Teal Witter , Lisa Hellerstein

We consider a policy gradient algorithm applied to a finite-arm bandit problem with Bernoulli rewards. We allow learning rates to depend on the current state of the algorithm, rather than use a deterministic time-decreasing learning rate.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Denis Denisov , Neil Walton

Restless multi-armed bandits (RMAB) is a framework for allocating limited resources under uncertainty. It is an extremely useful model for monitoring beneficiaries and executing timely interventions to ensure maximum benefit in public…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Dexun Li , Pradeep Varakantham

This paper considers what we propose to call multi-gear bandits, which are Markov decision processes modeling a generic dynamic and stochastic project fueled by a single resource and which admit multiple actions representing gears of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-21 José Niño-Mora

A sensing policy for the restless multi-armed bandit problem with stationary but unknown reward distributions is proposed. The work is presented in the context of cognitive radios in which the bandit problem arises when deciding which parts…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-11-20 Jan Oksanen , Visa Koivunen , H. Vincent Poor

Multi armed bandit (MAB) algorithms have been increasingly used to complement or integrate with A/B tests and randomized clinical trials in e-commerce, healthcare, and policymaking. Recent developments incorporate possible delayed feedback.…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-04 Lei Shi , Jingshen Wang , Tianhao Wu

Partially observable restless multi-armed bandits have found numerous applications including in recommendation systems, communication systems, public healthcare outreach systems, and in operations research. We study multi-action partially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Rahul Meshram , Kesav Kaza

We consider a restless multi-armed bandit in which each arm can be in one of two states. When an arm is sampled, the state of the arm is not available to the sampler. Instead, a binary signal with a known randomness that depends on the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-12-20 Rahul Meshram , D. Manjunath , Aditya Gopalan