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Machine learning (ML) models have been applied to a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks in recent years. In addition to making accurate decisions, the necessity of understanding how models make their decisions has become…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Sean Xie , Soroush Vosoughi , Saeed Hassanpour

Chain-of-thought (CoT) outputs let us read a model's step-by-step reasoning. Since any long, serial reasoning process must pass through this textual trace, the quality of the CoT is a direct window into what the model is thinking. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Austin Meek , Eitan Sprejer , Iván Arcuschin , Austin J. Brockmeier , Steven Basart

The complex software systems developed nowadays require assessing their quality and proneness to errors. Reducing code complexity is a never-ending problem, especially in today's fast pace of software systems development. Therefore, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Laura Diana Cernau , Laura Diosan , Camelia Serban

Qualitative coding, or content analysis, extracts meaning from text to discern quantitative patterns across a corpus of texts. Recently, advances in the interpretive abilities of large language models (LLMs) offer potential for automating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Zackary Okun Dunivin

Code completion has become a central task, gaining significant attention with the rise of large language model (LLM)-based tools in software engineering. Although recent advances have greatly improved LLMs' code completion abilities,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Jiajun Zhang , Zeyu Cui , Lei Zhang , Jian Yang , Jiaxi Yang , Qiang Liu , Zilei Wang , Binyuan Hui , Liang Wang , Junyang Lin

The nature of concept learning is a core question in cognitive science. Theories must account for the relative difficulty of acquiring different concepts by supervised learners. For a canonical set of six category types, two distinct…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Andreas D. Pape , Kenneth J. Kurtz , Hiroki Sayama

Large Language Models have shown impressive capabilities in coding tasks like code generation and code completion, as they have been trained on a large amount of code data. Also, since one of the core pretraining objectives is Next Token…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Jayant Havare , Saurav Chaudhary , Ganesh Ramakrishnan , Kaushik Maharajan , Srikanth Tamilselvam

While there is increasing concern about the interpretability of neural models, the evaluation of interpretability remains an open problem, due to the lack of proper evaluation datasets and metrics. In this paper, we present a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Lijie Wang , Yaozong Shen , Shuyuan Peng , Shuai Zhang , Xinyan Xiao , Hao Liu , Hongxuan Tang , Ying Chen , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Programming often involves converting detailed and complex specifications into code, a process during which developers typically utilize visual aids to more effectively convey concepts. While recent developments in Large Multimodal Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Kaixin Li , Yuchen Tian , Qisheng Hu , Ziyang Luo , Zhiyong Huang , Jing Ma

Intelligent code analysis has received increasing attention in parallel with the remarkable advances in the field of machine learning (ML) in recent years. A major challenge in leveraging ML for this purpose is to represent source code in a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Zeki Bilgin

Unit testing is an essential component of the software development life-cycle. A developer could easily and quickly catch and fix software faults introduced in the source code by creating and running unit tests. Despite their importance,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Denivan Campos , Larissa Rocha , Ivan Machado

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming software development, the functional quality of generated code has become a central focus, leaving readability, one of critical non-functional attributes, understudied. Given that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Hengzhi Ye , Fengyuan Ran , Weiwei Xu , Minghui Zhou

Code generation models are widely used in software development, yet their sensitivity to prompt phrasing remains under-examined. Identical requirements expressed with different emotions or communication styles can yield divergent outputs,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Wei Ma , Yixiao Yang , Jingquan Ge , Xiaofei Xie , Lingxiao Jiang

Context: In the realm of software development, maintaining high software quality is a persistent challenge. However, this challenge is often impeded by the lack of comprehensive understanding of how specific code modifications influence…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Thomas Karanikiotis , Andreas L. Symeonidis

Software design techniques are undoubtedly crucial in the process of designing good software. Over the years, a large number of design techniques have been proposed by both researchers and practitioners. Unfortunately, despite their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Gustavo Pinto , Alberto de Souza

Assessing similarity in source code has gained significant attention in recent years due to its importance in software engineering tasks such as clone detection and code search and recommendation. This work presents a comparative analysis…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Jorge Martinez-Gil

Code comprehension and analysis of open-source project codebases is a task frequently performed by developers and researchers. However, existing tools that practitioners use for assistance with such tasks often require prior project setup,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Ahmed Adnan , Mushfiqur Rahman , Saad Sakib Noor , Kazi Sakib

A concern can be characterized as a developer's intent behind a piece of code, often not explicitly captured in it. We discuss a technique of recording concerns using source code annotations (concern annotations). Using two studies and two…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-13 Matúš Sulír , Milan Nosáľ , Jaroslav Porubän

Context. Source code refactoring is a well-established approach to improving source code quality without compromising its external behavior. Motivation. The literature described the benefits of refactoring, yet its application in practice…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Mikel Robredo , Matteo Esposito , Fabio Palomba , Rafael Peñaloza , Valentina Lenarduzzi

Large language models have become essential tools for code comprehension, enabling developers to query unfamiliar codebases through natural language interfaces. However, LLM hallucination, generating plausible but factually incorrect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Jahidul Arafat