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The readability of source code is key for understanding and maintaining software systems and tests. Several studies investigate the readability of source code, but there is limited research on the readability of test code and related…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Dietmar Winkler , Pirmin Urbanke , Rudolf Ramler

The rapid rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has changed software development, with tools like Copilot, JetBrains AI Assistant, and others boosting developers' productivity. However, developers now spend more time reviewing code than…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Agnia Sergeyuk , Olga Lvova , Sergey Titov , Anastasiia Serova , Farid Bagirov , Timofey Bryksin

Software built on poor structural patterns often shows higher exposure to security defects. When code differs from established best practices, verification and maintenance become increasingly difficult, thereby raising the risk of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Masoud Jamshidiyan Tehrani

Software implements a significant proportion of functionality in factory automation. Thus, efficient development and the reuse of software parts, so-called units, enhance competitiveness. Thereby, complex control software units are more…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Juliane Fischer , Birgit Vogel-Heuser , Heiko Schneider , Nikolai Langer , Markus Felger , Matthias Bengel

Developers spend a large portion of their time and effort on comprehending source code. While many studies have investigated how developers approach these comprehension tasks and what factors influence their success, less is known about how…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-01 Chak Shun Yu , Christoph Treude , Maurício Aniche

Scientific software-defined as computer programs, scripts, or code used in scientific research, data analysis, modeling, or simulation-has become central to modern research. However, there is limited research on the readability and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Alyssia Chen , Carol Wong , Bonita Sharif , Anthony Peruma

Understanding an unfamiliar codebase is an essential task for developers in various scenarios, such as during the onboarding process. Especially when the codebase is large and time is limited, achieving a decent level of comprehension…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Jie Gao , Yue Xue , Xiaofei Xie , SoeMin Thant , Erika Lee , Bowen Xu

Context: Application Programming Interface (API) code examples are an essential knowledge resource for learning APIs. However, a few user studies have explored how the structural characteristics of the source code in code examples impact…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Seham Alharbi , Dimitris Kolovos

Unreadable code could be a breeding ground for errors. Thus, previous work defined approaches based on machine learning to automatically assess code readability that can warn developers when some code artifacts (e.g., classes) become…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Antonio Vitale , Emanuela Guglielmi , Rocco Oliveto , Simone Scalabrino

Code comprehension has been recently investigated from physiological and cognitive perspectives through the use of medical imaging. Floyd et al (i.e., the original study) used fMRI to classify the type of comprehension tasks performed by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Davide Fucci , Daniela Girardi , Nicole Novielli , Luigi Quaranta , Filippo Lanubile

An evaluation metric is an absolute necessity for measuring the performance of any system and complexity of any data. In this paper, we have discussed how to determine the level of complexity of code-mixed social media texts that are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-06 Souvick Ghosh , Satanu Ghosh , Dipankar Das

This research paper aims to find, analyze and understand code patterns in any software system and measure its quality by defining standards and proposing a formula for the same. Every code that is written can be divided into different code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2011-07-01 Jitesh Dundas

Code analysis is fundamental in Software Engineering, supporting debugging, optimization, and security assessment. Human developers approach it through syntax parsing, static semantics inference, and dynamic reasoning. Traditional tools are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Wei Ma , Zhihao Lin , Shangqing Liu , Qiang Hu , Ye Liu , Wenhan Wang , Cen Zhang , Liming Nie , Li Li , Yang Liu , Lingxiao Jiang

Cognitive-Driven Development (CDD) is a coding design technique that aims to reduce the cognitive effort that developers place in understanding a given code unit (e.g., a class). By following CDD design practices, it is expected that the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Leonardo Barbosa , Victor Hugo Santiago , Alberto Luiz Oliveira Tavares de Souza , Gustavo Pinto

Previous works from research and industry have proposed a spatial representation of code in a canvas, arguing that a navigational code space confers developers the freedom to organise elements according to their understanding. By allowing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Abir Bouraffa , Gian-Luca Fuhrmann , Walid Maalej

Cognitive complexity measures quantify human difficulty in understanding the source code based on cognitive informatics foundation. The discipline derives cognitive complexity on a basis of fundamental software factors i.e, inputs, outputs,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-04-02 Yong-Hwa Choe , Chol-Yong Jong , Song Han

Code pre-trained models (CodePTMs) have recently demonstrated significant success in code intelligence. To interpret these models, some probing methods have been applied. However, these methods fail to consider the inherent characteristics…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Nuo Chen , Qiushi Sun , Renyu Zhu , Xiang Li , Xuesong Lu , Ming Gao

Measuring and evaluating source code similarity is a fundamental software engineering activity that embraces a broad range of applications, including but not limited to code recommendation, duplicate code, plagiarism, malware, and smell…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Morteza Zakeri-Nasrabadi , Saeed Parsa , Mohammad Ramezani , Chanchal Roy , Masoud Ekhtiarzadeh

Computational notebooks are the primary coding tools for data scientists, but their code quality remains understudied and often poor. Given the importance of maintainability and reusability, enhancing code understandability is essential.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Mojtaba Mostafavi Ghahfarokhi , Alireza Asadi , Arash Asgari , Bardia Mohammadi , Abbas Heydarnoori , Masih Beigi Rizi

Reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) is a crucial ability, especially in complex decision-making tasks. One significant task to show LLMs' reasoning capability is code time complexity prediction, which involves various…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Seung-Yeop Baik , Joonghyuk Hahn , Jungin Kim , Mingi Jeon , Aditi , Yo-Sub Han , Sang-Ki Ko