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We use anhydrous ferric chloride (FeCl3) to intercalate graphite flakes consisting of 2 to 4 graphene layers and to dope graphene monolayers. The intercalant, staging, stability and doping of the resulting intercalation compounds (ICs) are…

Materials Science · Physics 2011-06-07 W. J. Zhao , P. H. Tan , J. Liu , A. C. Ferrari

Understanding interfacial interactions in two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures is essential for advancing optoelectronic and quantum technologies. We investigate metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD)-grown WSe$_2$ films (one to…

We report a high-pressure Raman spectroscopy study of a graphite-water mixture using water as the pressure-transmitting medium up to 9.9 GPa. In the graphite-rich region, three characteristic Raman features-the $E_{2g}^{(1)}$ shear mode,…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-09-03 K. Perry , A. T. Roy , A. R. Parmenter , Y. J. Ryu , V. B. Prakapenka , J. Lim

The experimental Raman spectra of graphene exhibit a few intense two-phonon bands, which are enhanced through double-resonant scattering processes. Though there are many theoretical papers on this topic, none of them predicts the spectra…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-12-17 Valentin N. Popov , Philippe Lambin

We have investigated antidot lattices, which were prepared on exfoliated graphene single layers via electron-beam lithography and ion etching, by means of scanning Raman spectroscopy. The peak positions, peak widths and intensities of the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2011-07-01 S. Heydrich , M. Hirmer , C. Preis , T. Korn , J. Eroms , D. Weiss , C. Schüller

Raman spectroscopy plays a key role in studies of graphene and related carbon systems. Graphene is perhaps the most promising material of recent times for many novel applications, including electronics. In this paper, the traditional and…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-12-07 Eric J. Heller , Yuan Yang , Lucas Kocia , Wei Chen , Shiang Fang , Mario Borunda , Efthimios Kaxiras

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) exploits surface plasmons induced by the incident field in metallic nanostructures to significantly increase the Raman intensity. Graphene provides the ideal prototype two dimensional (2d) test…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-04-03 F. Schedin , E. Lidorikis , A. Lombardo , V. G. Kravets , A. K. Geim , A. N. Grigorenko , K. S. Novoselov , A. C. Ferrari

As the synthesis of graphene on copper became one of the primary preparation methods for both fundamental research and industrial application, Raman spectra of graphene/Cu systems need to be quantitatively understood regarding how their…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-08-07 Jieun Choi , Seonghyun Koo , Myeongin Song , Daeyool Jung , Sungyool Choi , Sunmin Ryu

In this work, we study the Raman spectra of twisted bilayer graphene samples as a function of their twist-angles ($\theta$), ranging from 0.03$^\circ$ to 3.40$^\circ$, where local $\theta$ are determined by analysis of their associated…

From the perspective of bond relaxation and vibration, we have reconciled the Raman shifts of graphene under the stimuli of the number-of-layer, uni-axial-strain, pressure, and temperature in terms of the response of the length and strength…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 X. X. Yang , J. W. Li , Z. F. Zhou , Y. Wang , L. W. Yang , W. T. Zheng , Chang Q. Sun

We report a comprehensive study of the two-phonon inter-valley (2D) Raman mode in graphene monolayers, motivated by recent reports of asymmetric 2D-mode lineshapes in freestanding graphene. For photon energies in the range $1.53 \rm eV -…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-06-26 Stéphane Berciaud , Xianglong Li , Han Htoon , Louis E. Brus , Stephen K. Doorn , Tony F. Heinz

Since lattice strain and charge density affect various material properties of graphene, a reliable and efficient method is required for quantification of the two variables. While Raman spectroscopy is sensitive and non-destructive, its…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-08-10 Gwanghyen Ahn , Sunmin Ryu

This paper reports the experimental determination of the phase-breaking length L of conduction electrons in graphene using Raman spectroscopy. Based on the double-resonance model, we extract L from the spatial dependence of the D band…

Materials Science · Physics 2008-02-27 Luiz Gustavo Cancado , Ryan Beams , Lukas Novotny

We perform polarization-resolved Raman spectroscopy on graphene in magnetic fields up to 45T. This reveals a filling-factor-dependent, multi-component anticrossing structure of the Raman G peak, resulting from magnetophonon resonances…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-06-20 Y. Kim , J. M. Poumirol , A. Lombardo , N. G. Kalugin , T. Georgiou , Y. J. Kim , K. S. Novoselov , A. C. Ferrari , J. Kono , O. Kashuba , V. I. Fal'ko , D. Smirnov

We calculate the double resonant (DR) Raman spectrum of graphene, and determine the lines associated to both phonon-defect processes, and two-phonons ones. Phonon and electronic dispersions reproduce calculations based on density functional…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2011-07-26 Pedro Venezuela , Michele Lazzeri , Francesco Mauri

The scattering of lattice excitations (phonons) with the photoexcited charge carriers is of a major concern in optoelectronic devices. Here, the resonant Raman scattering will be utilized to study an exciton-phonon interaction in GaN…

Raman Spectroscopy is able to probe disorder in graphene through defect-activated peaks. It is of great interest to link these features to the nature of disorder. Here we present a detailed analysis of the Raman spectra of graphene…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2012-07-10 Axel Eckmann , Alexandre Felten , Artem Mishchenko , Liam Britnell , Ralph Krupke , Kostya S. Novoselov , Cinzia Casiraghi

We study electronic contribution to the Raman scattering signals of two-, three- and four-layer graphene with layers at one of the interfaces twisted by a small angle with respect to each other. We find that the Raman spectra of these…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-11-11 A. Garcia-Ruiz , J. J. P. Thompson , M. Mucha-Kruczynski , V. I. Fal'ko

The symmetry group analysis is applied to classify the phonon modes of $N$-stacked graphene layers (NSGL's) with AB- and AA-stacking, particularly their infra-red and Raman properties. The dispersions of various phonon modes are calculated…

Materials Science · Physics 2008-06-30 Jin-Wu Jiang , Hui Tang , Bing-Shen Wang , Zhao-Bin Su

The band structure of bilayer graphene is tunable by introducing a relative twist angle between the two layers, unlocking exotic phases, such as superconductor and Mott insulator, and providing a fertile ground for new physics. At…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 Matthew C. DeCapua , Yueh-Chun Wu , Takashi Taniguchi , Kenji Watanabe , Jun Yan