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Modern technology has brought novel types of wealth. In contrast to hard cashes, digital currencies do not have a physical form. They exist in electronic forms only. Yet, it has not been clear what impacts their ongoing growth will make, if…
Despite being described as a medium of exchange, cryptocurrencies do not have the typical attributes of a medium of exchange. Consequently, cryptocurrencies are more appropriately described as crypto assets. A common investment attribute…
With the introduction of the term blockchain in 2008, its interest has been increasing in the community since the idea was coined. The reason for this interest is because it provides anonymity, security and integrity without any central…
This paper examines the complex legal landscape surrounding digital assets, analysing how they are defined and regulated as property across various jurisdictions. As digital assets such as cryptocurrencies and non-fungible tokens (NFTs)…
The tokenization of assets deployed to distributed ledger technology is increasingly cited to revolutionize financial services by allowing traditionally illiquid assets to be bought and sold on primary and secondary markets increasing asset…
The proliferation of resource-constrained devices has become prevalent across various digital applications, including smart homes, smart healthcare, and smart transportation, among others. However, the integration of these devices brings…
Portfolio management is essential for any investment decision. Yet, traditional methods in the literature are ill-suited for the characteristics and dynamics of cryptocurrencies. This work presents a method to build an investment portfolio…
Bitcoin's limited scripting capabilities and lack of native interoperability mechanisms have constrained its integration into the broader blockchain ecosystem, especially decentralized finance (DeFi) and multi-chain applications. This paper…
Sharding distributed ledgers is a promising on-chain solution for scaling blockchains but lacks formal grounds, nurturing skepticism on whether such complex systems can scale blockchains securely. We fill this gap by introducing the first…
One of the defining features of a cryptocurrency is that its ledger, containing all transactions that have evertaken place, is globally visible. As one consequenceof this degree of transparency, a long line of recent re-search has…
Alternative assets such as mines, power plants, or infrastructure projects are often large, heterogeneous bundles of resources, rights, and outputs whose value is difficult to trade or fractionalize under traditional frameworks. This paper…
In this article, we consider the roles of tokens and distributed ledgers in digital payment systems. We present a brief taxonomy of digital payment systems that use tokens, and we address the different models for how distributed ledger…
Blockchains have recently generated explosive interest from both academia and industry, with many proposed applications. But descriptions of many these proposals are more visionary projections than realizable proposals, and even basic…
Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency that features a distributed, decentralized and trustworthy mechanism, which has made Bitcoin a popular global transaction platform. The transaction efficiency among nations and the privacy benefiting from address…
Blockchain is a decentralized transaction and data management solution, the technological leap behind the success of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. As the variety of existing blockchains and distributed ledgers continues to increase,…
We condense the theory of blockchains down to a simple and compact set of four type equations (Idealised EUTxO), and to an algebraic characterisation (abstract chunk systems), and exhibit an adjoint pair of functors between them. This gives…
Cryptocurrencies are an emerging economic force, but there are concerns about their security. This is due, in part, to complex collusion cases and new threat vectors that could be missed by conventional security assessment strategies. To…
We aim to cluster financial assets in order to identify a small set of stocks to approximate the level of diversification of the whole universe of stocks. We develop a data-driven approach to clustering based on a correlation blockmodel in…
Despite the hype about blockchains and distributed ledgers, no formal abstraction of these objects has been proposed. To face this issue, in this paper we provide a proper formulation of a distributed ledger object. In brief, we define a…
Blockchain Technology has revolutionized Finance and Technology with its secure, decentralized, and trust-less methodologies of data management. In a world where asset value fluctuations are unprecedented, it has become increasingly…