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While social media are a key source of data for computational social science, their ease of manipulation by malicious actors threatens the integrity of online information exchanges and their analysis. In this Chapter, we focus on malicious…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Kai-Cheng Yang , Onur Varol , Alexander C. Nwala , Mohsen Sayyadiharikandeh , Emilio Ferrara , Alessandro Flammini , Filippo Menczer

The presence and complexity of political Twitter bots has increased in recent years, making it a very difficult task to recognize these accounts from real, human users. We intended to provide an answer to the following question: are…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Oscar Fontanelli , Aldo Venegas , Ricardo Mansilla

It is known that many Twitter users are bots, which are accounts controlled and sometimes created by computers. Twitter bots can send spam tweets, manipulate public opinion and be used for online fraud. Here we report the discovery,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-06-14 Juan Echeverría , Shi Zhou

Recent research brought awareness of the issue of bots on social media and the significant risks of mass manipulation of public opinion in the context of political discussion. In this work, we leverage Twitter to study the discourse during…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-02-11 Luca Luceri , Ashok Deb , Adam Badawy , Emilio Ferrara

Thanks to platforms such as Twitter and Facebook, people can know facts and events that otherwise would have been silenced. However, social media significantly contribute also to fast spreading biased and false news while targeting specific…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Alessandro Balestrucci , Rocco De Nicola , Marinella Petrocchi , Catia Trubiani

Online Social Media represent a pervasive source of information able to reach a huge audience. Sadly, recent studies show how online social bots (automated, often malicious accounts, populating social networks and mimicking genuine users)…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Alessandro Balestrucci , Rocco De Nicola , Marinella Petrocchi , Catia Trubiani

This is an approach to detecting a subset of bots on Twitter, that at best is under-researched. This approach will be generic enough to be adaptable to most, if not all social networks. The subset of bots this focuses on are those that can…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-08-30 Jeremy Fields

While most online social media accounts are controlled by humans, these platforms also host automated agents called social bots or sybil accounts. Recent literature reported on cases of social bots imitating humans to manipulate…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Clayton A. Davis , Onur Varol , Emilio Ferrara , Alessandro Flammini , Filippo Menczer

Twitter is a web application playing dual roles of online social networking and micro-blogging. The popularity and open structure of Twitter have attracted a large number of automated programs, known as bots. Legitimate bots generate a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-05 Feng Wei , Uyen Trang Nguyen

Bots, social media accounts controlled by software rather than by humans, have recently been under the spotlight for their association with various forms of online manipulation. To date, much work has focused on social bot detection, but…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Iacopo Pozzana , Emilio Ferrara

The openness feature of Twitter allows programs to generate and control Twitter accounts automatically via the Twitter API. These accounts, which are known as bots, can automatically perform actions such as tweeting, re-tweeting, following,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Christopher Braker , Stavros Shiaeles , Gueltoum Bendiab , Nick Savage , Konstantinos Limniotis

With the advent of online social media, phishers have started using social networks like Twitter, Facebook, and Foursquare to spread phishing scams. Twitter is an immensely popular micro-blogging network where people post short messages of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2013-01-30 Anupama Aggarwal , Ashwin Rajadesingan , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

With the increasing use of social media data for health-related research, the credibility of the information from this source has been questioned as the posts may originate from automated accounts or "bots". While automatic bot detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Anahita Davoudi , Ari Z. Klein , Abeed Sarker , Graciela Gonzalez-Hernandez

In recent years, social bots have been using increasingly more sophisticated, challenging detection strategies. While many approaches and features have been proposed, social bots evade detection and interact much like humans making it…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Isa Inuwa-Dutse , Bello Shehu Bello , Ioannis Korkontzelos

This study presents a review of research on social media bot detection. Social media bots are used by political and criminal actors for mass distribution of political messages, as well as rumors, conspiracy theories, and other forms of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Blaž Rodič

Social bots play a significant role in many online social networks (OSN) as they imitate human behavior. This fact raises difficult questions about their capabilities and potential risks. Given the recent advances in Generative AI (GenAI),…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Shaghayegh Najari , Davood Rafiee , Mostafa Salehi , Reza Farahbakhsh

The massive spread of digital misinformation has been identified as a major global risk and has been alleged to influence elections and threaten democracies. Communication, cognitive, social, and computer scientists are engaged in efforts…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Chengcheng Shao , Giovanni Luca Ciampaglia , Onur Varol , Kaicheng Yang , Alessandro Flammini , Filippo Menczer

Twitter has become a vital social media platform while an ample amount of malicious Twitter bots exist and induce undesirable social effects. Successful Twitter bot detection proposals are generally supervised, which rely heavily on…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Shangbin Feng , Herun Wan , Ningnan Wang , Jundong Li , Minnan Luo

Botnets in online social networks are increasingly often affecting the regular flow of discussion, attacking regular users and their posts, spamming them with irrelevant or offensive content, and even manipulating the popularity of messages…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Juan Echeverría , Emiliano De Cristofaro , Nicolas Kourtellis , Ilias Leontiadis , Gianluca Stringhini , Shi Zhou

Crisis situations are characterised by their sudden occurrence and an unclear information situation. In that context, social media platforms have become a highly utilised resource for collective information gathering to fill these gaps.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Florian Brachten , Milad Mirbabaie , Stefan Stieglitz , Olivia Berger , Sarah Bludau , Kristina Schrickel