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In this work, we investigate grid-forming (GFM) control for dc/ac power converters in emerging power systems that contain ac and dc networks, renewable generation, and conventional generation. We propose a novel power-balancing GFM control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-20 Irina Subotić , Dominic Groß

Modern low-carbon power systems come with many challenges, such as increased inverter penetration and increased uncertainty from renewable sources and loads. In this context, the microgrid concept is a promising approach, which is based on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-19 E. D. Gomez Anccas , C. A. Hans , D. Schulz

Three-phase AC-DC rectifiers are fundamental components in modern power electronics systems, yet achieving rapid voltage regulation and precise current tracking under load and grid disturbances remains challenging due to nonlinear dynamics…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-02 Koto Omiloli , Satish Vedula , Ayobami Olajube , Olugbenga Moses Anubi

This brief examines the behavior of DC circuits comprised of resistively interconnected constant power devices, as may arise in DC microgrids containing micro-sources and constant power loads. We derive a sufficient condition for all…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-09-21 John W. Simpson-Porco , Florian Dorfler , Francesco Bullo

Power electronic converters are becoming the main components of modern power systems due to the increasing integration of renewable energy sources. However, power converters may become unstable when interacting with the complex and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-09 Feiran Zhao , Ruohan Leng , Linbin Huang , Huanhai Xin , Keyou You , Florian Dörfler

This article introduces two control frameworks: one for Grid-Following (GFL) inverters aiding Grid-Forming (GFM) inverters in voltage regulation during large contingency events and optimizing power transactions under normal conditions; and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-25 Jaesang Park , Alireza Askarian , Srinivasa Salapaka

As power systems accommodate higher shares of renewable generation, short-term power imbalances become more frequent and can manifest as pronounced voltage and frequency excursions under low-inertia conditions. E-STATCOMs (STATCOMs equipped…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-20 Ki-Hyun Kim , Yeongung Kim , Shenghui Cui , Jae-Jung Jung

Multilevel converters have found many applications within renewable energy systems thanks to their unique capability of generating multiple voltage levels. However, these converters need multiple DC sources and the voltage balancing over…

Applied Physics · Physics 2017-08-29 A. Ashraf Gandomi , S. Saeidabadi , M. Sabahi , M. Babazadeh , Y. Ashraf Gandomi

Grid-interfacing inverters act as the interface between renewable resources and the electric grid, and have the potential to offer fast and programmable controls compared to synchronous generators. With this flexibility there has been…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-25 Trager Joswig-Jones , Baosen Zhang

Distributed cooperative droop control consisting of the primary decentralized droop control and the {secondary} distributed correction control is studied in this paper, which aims to achieve an exact current sharing between generators,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-05-17 Ji Xiang , Yu Wang , Yanjun Li , Wei Wei

Grid-forming inverters control the power transfer between the AC and DC sides of an electrical grid while maintaining the frequency and voltage of the AC side. This paper focuses on ensuring large-signal stability of an electrical grid with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-18 Jared Miller , Maitraya Avadhut Desai , Xiuqiang He , Roy S. Smith , Gabriela Hug

The energy mix of future power systems will include high shares of wind power and solar PV. These generation facilities are generally connected via power-electronic inverters. While conventional generation responds dynamically to the state…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-31 Philipp C. Böttcher , Leonardo Rydin Gorjão , Dirk Witthaut

Renewables will soon dominate energy production in our electric power system. And yet, how to integrate renewable energy into the grid and the market is still a subject of major debate. Decentral Smart Grid Control (DSGC) was recently…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2016-10-31 Benjamin Schäfer , Carsten Grabow , Sabine Auer , Jürgen Kurths , Dirk Witthaut , Marc Timme

This paper documents a design and modelling of a grid-connected emergency back-up power supply for medium power applications. There are a rectifier-link boost derived battery charging circuit and a 4-switch push-pull power inverter circuit…

Grid-forming (GFM) capability requirements are increasingly imposed on grid-connected voltage-source converters (VSCs). Under large grid disturbances, GFM-VSCs need to remain stable while providing GFM services. Yet, such objectives, as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-24 Heng Wu , Xiongfei Wang

This work investigates the transient and dynamical behavior of hybrid AC/DC systems using dual-port grid-forming (GFM) control. A generalized modeling framework for hybrid AC/DC networks is first introduced that accounts for converter,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Irina Subotić , Dominic Groß , Alexander Winkens , Julian Jansen , Florian Klein-Helmkamp , Andreas Ulbig

In this paper, a novel distributed control strategy addressing a (feasible) psycho-social-physical welfare problem in islanded Direct Current (DC) smart grids is proposed. Firstly, we formulate a (convex) optimization problem that allows…

In this article, a nonlinear strategy based on a flatness approach is used for controlling the instantaneous complex power supplied from the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) to a weak grid. To this end, the strategy introduced by the authors…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-10 Sebastian Gomez Jorge , Jorge A. Solsona , Claudio A. Busada , Gerardo Tapia-Otaegui , Ana Susperregui , M. Itsaso Martínez

In this paper a novel distributed control algorithm for current sharing and voltage regulation in Direct Current (DC) microgrids is proposed. The DC microgrid is composed of several Distributed Generation units (DGUs), including Buck…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-01 Michele Cucuzzella , Sebastian Trip , Claudio De Persis , Xiaodong Cheng , Antonella Ferrara , Arjan van der Schaft

Converter-based generators and loads are growing in prevalence on power grids across the globe. The rise of these resources necessitates controllers that handle the power electronic devices' strict current limits without jeopardizing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-19 Lauren Streitmatter , Trager Joswig-Jones , Baosen Zhang