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We review some of quantum algorithms for search problems: Grover's search algorithm, its generalization to amplitude amplification, the applications of amplitude amplification to various problems and the recent quantum algorithms based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-12 Andris Ambainis

Grover's algorithm, orginally conceived as a means of searching an unordered database, can also be used to extract solutions from the result sets generated by quantum computations. The Grover algorithm exploits the concept of an oracle…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-19 Fintan M. Bolton

Grover adaptive search (GAS) is a quantum exhaustive search algorithm designed to solve binary optimization problems. In this paper, we propose higher-order binary formulations that can simultaneously reduce the numbers of qubits and gates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-14 Yuki Sano , Kosuke Mitarai , Naoki Yamamoto , Naoki Ishikawa

Grover's algorithm is a quantum search algorithm that proceeds by repeated applications of the Grover operator and the Oracle until the state evolves to one of the target states. In the standard version of the algorithm, the Grover operator…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-14 Tim Byrnes , Gary Forster , Louis Tessler

A quantum computer encodes information in quantum states and runs quantum algorithms to surpass the classical counterparts by exploiting quantum superposition and quantum correlation. Grover's quantum search algorithm is a typical quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-23 Yutong Huang , Shengshi Pang

The success probability of a search of $M$ targets from a database of size $N$, using Grover's search algorithm depends critically on the number of iterations of the composite operation of the oracle followed by Grover's diffusion…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-24 Simanraj Sadana

The search problem is to find a state satisfying certain properties out of a given set. Grover's algorithm drives a quantum computer from a prepared initial state to the target state and solves the problem quadratically faster than a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Avatar Tulsi

Grover's search algorithm is one of the first quantum algorithms to exhibit a provable quantum advantage. It forms the backbone of numerous quantum applications and is widely used in benchmarking efforts. Here, we report…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-10 Bibek Pokharel , Daniel Lidar

We consider the problem of search of an unstructured list for a marked element, when one is given advice as to where this element might be located, in the form of a probability distribution. The goal is to minimise the expected number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-08-02 Ashley Montanaro

Grover's algorithm achieves a quadratic speedup over classical algorithms, but it is considered necessary to know the value of $\lambda$ exactly [Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 150501 (2005); Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 210501 (2014)], where $\lambda$ is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-12 Tan Li , Wan-Su Bao , He-Liang Huang , Feng-Guang Li , Xiang-Qun Fu , Shuo Zhang , Chu Guo , Yu-Tao Du , Xiang Wang , Jie Lin

There are major advantages in a newer version of Grover's quantum algorithm utilizing a general unitary transformation in the search of a single object in a large unsorted database. In this paper, we generalize this algorithm to multiobject…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Goong Chen , Shunhua Sun

Amplitude Amplification offers a provable speedup for search problems, which is leveraged in combinatorial optimization by Grover Adaptive Search (GAS). The protocol demands deep circuits that are challenging with regards to NISQ…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Laurin Demmler , Maximilian Hess

We describe a quantum algorithm to prepare an arbitrary pure state of a register of a quantum computer with fidelity arbitrarily close to 1. Our algorithm is based on Grover's quantum search algorithm. For sequences of states with suitably…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrei N. Soklakov , Ruediger Schack

The Grover algorithm is a crucial solution for addressing unstructured search problems and has emerged as an essential quantum subroutine in various complex algorithms. By using a different approach with previous studies, this research…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-04 Yifan Sun , Lian-Ao Wu

Quantum Amplitude Amplification (QAA), the generalization of Grover's algorithm, is capable of yielding optimal solutions to combinatorial optimization problems with high probabilities. In this work we extend the conventional 2-dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Daniel Koch , Brian Pardo , Kip Nieman

Grover search is a renowned quantum search algorithm that leverages quantum superposition to find a marked item with quadratic speedup. However, when implemented on Noisy Intermediate-scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware, the required repeated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-11 Chen-Yu Liu

Grover's quantum search algorithm provides a quadratic speedup over the classical one. The computational complexity is based on the number of queries to the oracle. However, depth is a more modern metric for noisy intermediate-scale quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-31 Kun Zhang , Vladimir E. Korepin

In the Grover-type quantum search process a search operator is iteratively applied, say, k times, on the initial database state. We present an additive decomposition scheme such that the iteration process is expressed, in the computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-07 F. M. Toyama , W. van Dijk

In this work we address two questions concerning Grover's algorithm. In the first we give an answer to the question how to employ Grover's algorithm for actual search over database. We introduce a quantum model of an unordered phone book…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-26 Daniel Reitzner , Mario Ziman

An algebraic analysis of Grover's quantum search algorithm is presented for the case in which the initial state is an arbitrary pure quantum state of n qubits. This approach reveals the geometrical structure of the quantum search process,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 D. Shapira , Y. Shimoni , O. Biham