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Deep neural networks often degrade significantly when training data suffer from class imbalance problems. Existing approaches, e.g., re-sampling and re-weighting, commonly address this issue by rearranging the label distribution of training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Renzhen Wang , Kaiqin Hu , Yanwen Zhu , Jun Shu , Qian Zhao , Deyu Meng

Multi-label text classification is a challenging task because it requires capturing label dependencies. It becomes even more challenging when class distribution is long-tailed. Resampling and re-weighting are common approaches used for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Yi Huang , Buse Giledereli , Abdullatif Köksal , Arzucan Özgür , Elif Ozkirimli

Long-tail distribution is widely spread in real-world applications. Due to the extremely small ratio of instances, tail categories often show inferior accuracy. In this paper, we find such performance bottleneck is mainly caused by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Jingru Tan , Bo Li , Xin Lu , Yongqiang Yao , Fengwei Yu , Tong He , Wanli Ouyang

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, often leading to erroneous outputs. Adversarial training has been recognized as one of the most effective methods to counter such attacks. However, existing adversarial training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Xinli Yue , Ningping Mou , Qian Wang , Lingchen Zhao

Bayesian decision theory advocates the Bayes classifier as the optimal approach for minimizing the risk in machine learning problems. Current deep learning algorithms usually solve for the optimal classifier by \emph{implicitly} estimating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Chaoqun Du , Yulin Wang , Shiji Song , Gao Huang

Although contrastive learning methods have shown prevailing performance on a variety of representation learning tasks, they encounter difficulty when the training dataset is long-tailed. Many researchers have combined contrastive learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Min-Kook Suh , Seung-Woo Seo

Long-tailed data is prevalent in real-world classification tasks and heavily relies on supervised information, which makes the annotation process exceptionally labor-intensive and time-consuming. Unfortunately, despite being a common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Meng Wei , Zhongnian Li , Yong Zhou , Xinzheng Xu

Real-world visual data often exhibits a long-tailed distribution, where some ''head'' classes have a large number of samples, yet only a few samples are available for ''tail'' classes. Such imbalanced distribution causes a great challenge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Junjie Zhang , Lingqiao Liu , Peng Wang , Chunhua Shen

The success of deep learning depends on large-scale and well-curated training data, while data in real-world applications are commonly long-tailed and noisy. Many methods have been proposed to deal with long-tailed data or noisy data, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Lefan Zhang , Zhang-Hao Tian , Wujun Zhou , Wei Wang

Real-world imagery is often characterized by a significant imbalance of the number of images per class, leading to long-tailed distributions. An effective and simple approach to long-tailed visual recognition is to learn feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Ahmet Iscen , André Araujo , Boqing Gong , Cordelia Schmid

The current evaluation protocol of long-tailed visual recognition trains the classification model on the long-tailed source label distribution and evaluates its performance on the uniform target label distribution. Such protocol has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Youngkyu Hong , Seungju Han , Kwanghee Choi , Seokjun Seo , Beomsu Kim , Buru Chang

Conventional detectors suffer from performance degradation when dealing with long-tailed data due to a classification bias towards the majority head categories. In this paper, we contend that the learning bias originates from two factors:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Tianhao Qi , Hongtao Xie , Pandeng Li , Jiannan Ge , Yongdong Zhang

Real-world data often exhibit long-tailed distributions with numerous noisy labels, substantially degrading the performance of deep models. While prior research has made progress in addressing this combined challenge, it overlooks the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Mengke Li , Haiquan Ling , Yiqun Zhang , Yang Lu , Hui Huang

Normalization is a vital process for any machine learning task as it controls the properties of data and affects model performance at large. The impact of particular forms of normalization, however, has so far been investigated in limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Chintan Trivedi , Konstantinos Makantasis , Antonios Liapis , Georgios N. Yannakakis

The imbalance (or long-tail) is the nature of many real-world data distributions, which often induces the undesirable bias of deep classification models toward frequent classes, resulting in poor performance for tail classes. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Fudong Lin , Xu Yuan

Real-world data is extremely imbalanced and presents a long-tailed distribution, resulting in models that are biased towards classes with sufficient samples and perform poorly on rare classes. Recent methods propose to rebalance classes but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Weiqi Li , Fan Lyu , Fanhua Shang , Liang Wan , Wei Feng

Long-tailed recognition is ubiquitous and challenging in deep learning and even in the downstream finetuning of foundation models, since the skew class distribution generally prevents the model generalization to the tail classes. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Jiaan Luo , Feng Hong , Qiang Hu , Xiaofeng Cao , Feng Liu , Jiangchao Yao

Addressing imbalanced or long-tailed data is a major challenge in visual recognition tasks due to disparities between training and testing distributions and issues with data noise. We propose the Wrapped Cauchy Distributed Angular Softmax…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Boran Han

In the context of long-tail classification on graphs, the vast majority of existing work primarily revolves around the development of model debiasing strategies, intending to mitigate class imbalances and enhance the overall performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Haohui Wang , Baoyu Jing , Kaize Ding , Yada Zhu , Wei Cheng , Si Zhang , Yonghui Fan , Liqing Zhang , Dawei Zhou

Real-world data often exhibits long-tailed distributions with heavy class imbalance, posing great challenges for deep recognition models. We identify a persisting dilemma on the value of labels in the context of imbalanced learning: on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Yuzhe Yang , Zhi Xu