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Keyword Spotting (KWS) remains challenging to achieve the trade-off between small footprint and high accuracy. Recently proposed metric learning approaches improved the generalizability of models for the KWS task, and 1D-CNN based KWS…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Li Wang , Rongzhi Gu , Nuo Chen , Yuexian Zou

We introduce an efficient few-shot keyword spotting model for edge devices, EdgeSpot, that pairs an optimized version of a BC-ResNet-based acoustic backbone with a trainable Per-Channel Energy Normalization frontend and lightweight temporal…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Oguzhan Buyuksolak , Alican Gok , Osman Erman Okman

Auto-KWS 2021 challenge calls for automated machine learning (AutoML) solutions to automate the process of applying machine learning to a customized keyword spotting task. Compared with other keyword spotting tasks, Auto-KWS challenge has…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-04-02 Jingsong Wang , Yuxuan He , Chunyu Zhao , Qijie Shao , Wei-Wei Tu , Tom Ko , Hung-yi Lee , Lei Xie

We consider multilingual bottleneck features (BNFs) for nearly zero-resource keyword spotting. This forms part of a United Nations effort using keyword spotting to support humanitarian relief programmes in parts of Africa where languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Raghav Menon , Herman Kamper , Emre Yilmaz , John Quinn , Thomas Niesler

In this paper, we aim to improve the robustness of Keyword Spotting (KWS) systems in noisy environments while keeping a small memory footprint. We propose a new convolutional neural network (CNN) called FCA-Net, which combines mixer…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-30 Yuanxi Lin , Yuriy Evgenyevich Gapanyuk

In this paper we explore the possibility of maximizing the information represented in spectrograms by making the spectrogram basis functions trainable. We experiment with two different tasks, namely keyword spotting (KWS) and automatic…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Kwan Yee Heung , Kin Wai Cheuk , Dorien Herremans

Recognizing a particular command or a keyword, keyword spotting has been widely used in many voice interfaces such as Amazon's Alexa and Google Home. In order to recognize a set of keywords, most of the recent deep learning based approaches…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-14 Archit Parnami , Minwoo Lee

We introduce a few-shot transfer learning method for keyword spotting in any language. Leveraging open speech corpora in nine languages, we automate the extraction of a large multilingual keyword bank and use it to train an embedding model.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Mark Mazumder , Colby Banbury , Josh Meyer , Pete Warden , Vijay Janapa Reddi

Keyword spotting accuracy degrades when neural networks are exposed to noisy environments. On-site adaptation to previously unseen noise is crucial to recovering accuracy loss, and on-device learning is required to ensure that the…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Cristian Cioflan , Lukas Cavigelli , Manuele Rusci , Miguel de Prado , Luca Benini

Hardware-Software Co-Design is a highly successful strategy for improving performance of domain-specific computing systems. We argue for the application of the same methodology to deep learning; specifically, we propose to extend neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Andrew Anderson , Jing Su , Rozenn Dahyot , David Gregg

Speech has emerged as a widely embraced user interface across diverse applications. However, for individuals with dysarthria, the inherent variability in their speech poses significant challenges. This paper presents an end-to-end…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Shuiyun Liu , Yuxiang Kong , Pengcheng Guo , Weiji Zhuang , Peng Gao , Yujun Wang , Lei Xie

The attention-based Transformer model has achieved promising results for speech recognition (SR) in the offline mode. However, in the streaming mode, the Transformer model usually incurs significant latency to maintain its recognition…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-05 Chengyi Wang , Yu Wu , Shujie Liu , Jinyu Li , Liang Lu , Guoli Ye , Ming Zhou

Contextual biasing is essential to improving the recognition of rare and domain-specific words in an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system. While numerous methods have been proposed in recent years, most of them focus on offline…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-20 Kai-Chen Tsai , Tien-Hong Lo , Yun-Ting Sun , Berlin Chen

We develop streaming keyword spotting systems using a recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T) model: an all-neural, end-to-end trained, sequence-to-sequence model which jointly learns acoustic and language model components. Our models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-27 Yanzhang He , Rohit Prabhavalkar , Kanishka Rao , Wei Li , Anton Bakhtin , Ian McGraw

Voice-based interfaces rely on a wake-up word mechanism to initiate communication with devices. However, achieving a robust, energy-efficient, and fast detection remains a challenge. This paper addresses these real production needs by…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Fernando López , Jordi Luque , Carlos Segura , Pablo Gómez

Deep neural networks have recently become a popular solution to keyword spotting systems, which enable the control of smart devices via voice. In this paper, we apply neural architecture search to search for convolutional neural network…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-27 Tong Mo , Yakun Yu , Mohammad Salameh , Di Niu , Shangling Jui

Keyword spotting aims to identify specific keyword audio utterances. In recent years, deep convolutional neural networks have been widely utilized in keyword spotting systems. However, their model architectures are mainly based on off-the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Tong Mo , Bang Liu

Despite recent advances in end-to-end speech recognition methods, the output tends to be biased to the training data's vocabulary, resulting in inaccurate recognition of proper nouns and other unknown terms. To address this issue, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yu Nakagome , Michael Hentschel

We propose smoothed max pooling loss and its application to keyword spotting systems. The proposed approach jointly trains an encoder (to detect keyword parts) and a decoder (to detect whole keyword) in a semi-supervised manner. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-29 Hyun-Jin Park , Patrick Violette , Niranjan Subrahmanya

Incidental scene text spotting is considered one of the most difficult and valuable challenges in the document analysis community. Most existing methods treat text detection and recognition as separate tasks. In this work, we propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-01-16 Xuebo Liu , Ding Liang , Shi Yan , Dagui Chen , Yu Qiao , Junjie Yan