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OpenAPI indicates a behavior where producers offer Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to help end-users access their data, resources, and services. Generally, API has many parameters that need to be entered. However, it is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Shujun Wang , Yongqiang Tian , Dengcheng He

Software developers study and reuse existing source code to understand how to properly use application programming interfaces (APIs). However, manually finding sufficient and adequate code examples for a given API is a difficult and a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Mohammad Ghafari , Konstantin Rubinov , Mohammad Mehdi Pourhashem K

The permission mechanism in the Android Framework is integral to safeguarding the privacy of users by managing users' and processes' access to sensitive resources and operations. As such, developers need to be equipped with an in-depth…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Han Hu , Wei Minn , Yonghui Liu , Jiakun Liu , Ferdian Thung , Terry Yue Zhuo , Lwin Khin Shar , Debin Gao , David Lo

The fast-growing Web API landscape brings clients more options than ever before---in theory. In practice, they cannot easily switch between different providers offering similar functionality. We discuss a vision for developing Web APIs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Ruben Verborgh , Michel Dumontier

Context: Refactoring is recognized as an effective practice to maintain evolving software systems. For software libraries, we study how library developers refactor their Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), especially when it impacts…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-10-02 Raula Gaikovina Kula , Ali Ouni , Daniel M. German , Katsuro Inoue

This paper presents a system that uses Large Language Models (LLMs)-based agents to automate the API-first development of RESTful microservices. This system helps to create an OpenAPI specification, generate server code from it, and refine…

Software programming requires both API reference (know-what) knowledge and programming task (know-how) knowledge. Lots of programming know-what and know-how knowledge is documented in text, for example, API reference documentation and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Qing Huang , Zhiqiang Yuan , Zhenchang Xing , Zhengkang Zuo , Changjing Wang , Xin Xia

Large Language Models (LLMs) can interact with the real world by connecting with versatile external APIs, resulting in better problem-solving and task automation capabilities. Previous research primarily focuses on APIs with limited…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Hongru Wang , Rui Wang , Boyang Xue , Heming Xia , Jingtao Cao , Zeming Liu , Jeff Z. Pan , Kam-Fai Wong

Labeling issues with the skills required to complete them can help contributors to choose tasks in Open Source Software projects. However, manually labeling issues is time-consuming and error-prone, and current automated approaches are…

Machine Learning software systems are frequently used in our day-to-day lives. Some of these systems are used in various sensitive environments to make life-changing decisions. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that these AI/ML systems do…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Ajoy Das , Gias Uddin , Shaiful Chowdhury , Mostafijur Rahman Akhond , Hadi Hemmati

Technology advances in areas such as sensors, IoT, and robotics, enable new collaborative applications (e.g., autonomous devices). A primary requirement for such collaborations is to have a secure system which enables information sharing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Amani Abu Jabal , Elisa Bertino , Jorge Lobo , Dinesh Verma , Seraphin Calo , Alessandra Russo

The fast-paced evolution of Android APIs has posed a challenging task for Android app developers. To leverage Android's frequently released APIs, developers must often spend considerable effort on API migrations. Prior research and Android…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Maxime Lamothe , Weiyi Shang , Tse-Hsun Chen

Mainstream knowledge management researchers generally agree that knowledge extracted from unstructured data and semi-structured data have become imperative for organizational strategic decision making. In this research, we develop a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Gerald Onwujekwe , Kweku-Muata Osei-Bryson , Nnatubemugo Ngwum

As software systems grow in scale, developers face increasing difficulty in selecting appropriate Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) from numerous options. Efficiently identifying APIs that satisfy functional requirements has become…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Shenglong Wu , Xunhui Zhang , Tao Wang

The use of Service-Based Architecture in modern telecommunications has exponentially increased Network Functions (NFs) and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), creating substantial operational complexities in service discovery and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zainab Khan , Ahmed Hussain , Mukesh Thakur , Arto Hellas , Panos Papadimitratos

Artificial intelligence (AI) maturity models have proliferated, yet prevailing frameworks remain largely enterprise-centric, linear, and weakly aligned with the organizational realities of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Sukanlaya Sawang , Virach Sornlertlamvanich

With the advancement of AI models, more software systems are adopting AI as a component to facilitate automation. Pre-trained models (PTMs) have become a cornerstone of AI-based software, allowing for rapid integration and development with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Haoyu Gao , Mansooreh Zahedi , Wenxin Jiang , Hong Yi Lin , James Davis , Christoph Treude

APIs are essential ingredients for developing complex software systems. However, they are difficult to learn and to use. Thus, developers may misuse them, which results in various types of issues. In this paper, we explore the use of a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Maxime Gallais-Jimenez , Hoan A. Nguyen , Mohamed Aymen Saied , Tien N. Nguyen , Houari Sahraoui

A Web API (WAPI) is a type of API whose interaction with its consumers is done through the Internet. While being accessed through the Internet can be challenging, mostly when WAPIs evolve, it gives providers the possibility to monitor their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Rediana Koçi , Xavier Franch , Petar Jovanovic , Alberto Abelló

We outline a comprehensive framework for artificial intelligence (AI) Application Operations (AIAppOps), based on real-world experiences from diverse organizations. Data-driven projects pose additional challenges to organizations due to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Daniel Jönsson , Mattias Tiger , Stefan Ekberg , Daniel Jakobsson , Mattias Jonhede , Fredrik Viksten