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CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Truing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is a widely used technology to distinguish real users and automated users such as bots. However, the advance of AI technologies weakens many CAPTCHA tests…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Rulin Shao , Zhouxing Shi , Jinfeng Yi , Pin-Yu Chen , Cho-Jui Hsieh

There is an urgent demand for privacy-preserving techniques capable of supporting compute and data intensive (CDI) computing in the era of big data. However, none of existing TEEs can truly support CDI computing tasks, as CDI requires high…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-15 Jianping Zhu , Rui Hou , XiaoFeng Wang , Wenhao Wang , Jiangfeng Cao , Lutan Zhao , Fengkai Yuan , Peinan Li , Zhongpu Wang , Boyan Zhao , Lixin Zhang , Dan Meng

The proliferation of the Internet and mobile devices has resulted in malicious bots access to genuine resources and data. Bots may instigate phishing, unauthorized access, denial-of-service, and spoofing attacks to mention a few.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-21 N. Tariq , F. A. Khan , S. A. Moqurrab , G. Srivastava

Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) are gradually adopted by major cloud providers, offering a practical option of \emph{confidential computing} for users who don't fully trust public clouds. TEEs use CPU-enabled hardware features to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-15 AKM Mubashwir Alam , Keke Chen

For a number of years, many websites have used CAPTCHAs to filter out interactions by bots. However, attackers have found ways to circumvent CAPTCHAs by programming bots to solve or bypass them, or even relay them for humans to solve. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-04-11 Nasser Mohammed Al-Fannah

Atomizing various Web activities by replacing human to human interactions on the Internet has been made indispensable due to its enormous growth. However, bots also known as Web-bots which have a malicious intend and pretending to be humans…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-12-26 M. Tariq Banday , N. A. Shah

Completely Automated Public Turing Test To Tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) has been implemented on many websites to identify between harmful automated bots and legitimate users. However, the revenue generated by the bots has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Rui Jin , Lin Huang , Jikang Duan , Wei Zhao , Yong Liao , Pengyuan Zhou

To this date, CAPTCHAs have served as the first line of defense preventing unauthorized access by (malicious) bots to web-based services, while at the same time maintaining a trouble-free experience for human visitors. However, recent work…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Dorjan Hitaj , Briland Hitaj , Sushil Jajodia , Luigi V. Mancini

Trusted execution environments (TEEs) provide an environment for running workloads in the cloud without having to trust cloud service providers, by offering additional hardware-assisted security guarantees. However, main memory encryption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Jan Wichelmann , Anna Pätschke , Luca Wilke , Thomas Eisenbarth

Data theft and leakage, caused by external adversaries and insiders, demonstrate the need for protecting user data. Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) offer a promising solution by creating secure environments that protect data and code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Kosei Akama , Yoshimichi Nakatsuka , Korry Luke , Masaaki Sato , Keisuke Uehara

For the last ten years, CAPTCHAs have been widely used by websites to prevent their data being automatically updated by machines. By supposedly allowing only humans to do so, CAPTCHAs take advantage of the reverse Turing test (TT), knowing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-09-04 Ahmad B. A. Hassanat

Financial institutions face increasing cyber risk while operating under strict regulatory oversight. To manage this risk, they rely heavily on Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) to inform detection, response, and strategic security decisions.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Emir Karaosman , Advije Rizvani , Irdin Pekaric

For nearly two decades, CAPTCHAs have been widely used as a means of protection against bots. Throughout the years, as their use grew, techniques to defeat or bypass CAPTCHAs have continued to improve. Meanwhile, CAPTCHAs have also evolved…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Andrew Searles , Yoshimichi Nakatsuka , Ercan Ozturk , Andrew Paverd , Gene Tsudik , Ai Enkoji

Cryptocurrency introduces usability challenges by requiring users to manage signing keys. Popular signing key management services (e.g., custodial wallets), however, either introduce a trusted party or burden users with managing signing key…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Lulu Zhou , Zeyu Liu , Fan Zhang , Michael K. Reiter

CAPTCHAs or reverse Turing tests are real-time assessments used by programs (or computers) to tell humans and machines apart. This is achieved by assigning and assessing hard AI problems that could only be solved easily by human but not by…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2014-02-05 A. K. B. Karunathilake , B. M. D. Balasuriya , R. G. Ragel

Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) protect confidentiality and integrity of trusted applications by creating an isolated environment for executing code. Prior work has shown that users may feel more comfortable sharing data when they…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-27 McKenna McCall , Carolina Carreira , Miguel Flores , Lorrie Faith Cranor

As an emerging technique for confidential computing, trusted execution environment (TEE) receives a lot of attention. To better develop, deploy, and run secure applications on a TEE platform such as Intel's SGX, both academic and industrial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Weijie Liu , Hongbo Chen , XiaoFeng Wang , Zhi Li , Danfeng Zhang , Wenhao Wang , Haixu Tang

Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs), such as Intel SGX and ARM TrustZone, provide isolated regions of CPU and memory for secure computation and are increasingly used to protect sensitive data and code across diverse application domains.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuqing Niu , Jieke Shi , Ruidong Han , Ye Liu , Chengyan Ma , Yunbo Lyu , David Lo

A trusted execution environment (TEE) such as Intel Software Guard Extension (SGX) runs a remote attestation to prove to a data owner the integrity of the initial state of an enclave, including the program to operate on her data. For this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Weijie Liu , Wenhao Wang , Xiaofeng Wang , Xiaozhu Meng , Yaosong Lu , Hongbo Chen , Xinyu Wang , Qingtao Shen , Kai Chen , Haixu Tang , Yi Chen , Luyi Xing

It is increasingly becoming difficult for human beings to work on their day to day life without going through the process of reverse Turing test, where the Computers tests the users to be humans or not. Almost every website and service…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Jimut Bahan Pal
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