Related papers: On the validity of complex Langevin method for pat…
Lattice simulations of non-zero density QCD introduce the so-called sign problem (complex or negative probabilities), which invalidates importance sampling methods. To circumvent this, we use the Complex Langevin Equation (CLE), to measure…
The complex Langevin method (CLM) is a promising tool to address the sign problem in quantum field theories with complex actions. However, it can converge to incorrect results even when simulations appear stable, highlighting the need for…
We study the mechanism of the gauge cooling technique to stabilize the complex Langevin method in the one-dimensional periodic setting. In this case, we find the exact solutions for the gauge transform which minimizes the Frobenius norm of…
The complex Langevin method (CLM) offers a potential solution to the sign problem in quantum field theories with complex actions, but can converge to incorrect results even when simulations appear stable. Existing diagnostics monitor drift…
Recently the complex Langevin method (CLM) has been attracting attention as a solution to the sign problem, which occurs in Monte Carlo calculations when the effective Boltzmann weight is not real positive. An undesirable feature of the…
This review explores the Complex Langevin Method (CLM), a stochastic quantization technique designed to address the sign problem in quantum field theories with complex actions. Beginning with foundational principles, the review examines the…
In complex Langevin simulations, the insufficient decay of the probability density near infinity leads to boundary terms that spoil the formal argument for correctness. We present a formulation of this term that is cheaply measurable in…
The Complex Langevin (CL) method sometimes shows convergence to the wrong limit, even though the Schwinger-Dyson Equations (SDE) are fulfilled. We analyze this problem in a more general context for the case of one complex variable. We prove…
The method of complex Langevin simulations is a tool that can be used to tackle the complex-action problem encountered, for instance, in finite-density lattice quantum chromodynamics or real-time lattice field theories. The method is based…
Progress in the application of the complex Langevin method to full QCD at non-zero chemical potential is reported. The method evades the sign problem which makes naive simulations at nonzero density impossible. The procedure 'gauge cooling'…
Non-perturbative formulations of field theories are essential to capture intriguing physical phenomena, including confinement in QCD, spontaneous supersymmetry breaking, and dynamical compactification in superstrings. Lattice regularization…
The great majority of algorithms employed in the study of lattice field theory are based on Monte Carlo's importance sampling method, i.e. on probability interpretation of the Boltzmann weight. Unfortunately in many theories of interest one…
The complex Langevin method, a numerical method used to compute the ensemble average with a complex partition function, often suffers from runaway instability. We study the regularization of the complex Langevin method via augmenting the…
The complex Langevin method in conjunction with the gauge cooling is applied to the two-dimensional lattice $SU(2)$ Yang-Mills theory that is analytically solvable. We obtain strong numerical evidence that at large Langevin time the…
Langevin Monte Carlo (LMC) is an iterative algorithm used to generate samples from a distribution that is known only up to a normalizing constant. The nonasymptotic dependence of its mixing time on the dimension and target accuracy is…
The complex Langevin (CL) method shows great promise in enabling the calculation of observables for theories with complex actions. Nevertheless, real-time quantum field theories have remained largely unsolved due to the particular severity…
We investigate a simple model using the numerical simulation in the complex Langevin equation (CLE) and the analytical approximation with the Gaussian Ansatz. We find that the Gaussian Ansatz captures the essential and even quantitative…
We apply the complex Langevin method (CLM) to overcome the sign problem in 4D SU(2) gauge theory with a theta term extending our previous work on the 2D U(1) case. The topology freezing problem can be solved by using open boundary…
A key task in Bayesian statistics is sampling from distributions that are only specified up to a partition function (i.e., constant of proportionality). However, without any assumptions, sampling (even approximately) can be #P-hard, and few…
Complex Langevin simulations are an attempt to solve the sign (or complex-action) problem encountered in various physical systems of interest. The method is based on a complexification of the underlying degrees of freedom and an evolution…