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Facial micro-expressions indicate brief and subtle facial movements that appear during emotional communication. In comparison to macro-expressions, micro-expressions are more challenging to be analyzed due to the short span of time and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Hong-Xia Xie , Ling Lo , Hong-Han Shuai , Wen-Huang Cheng

Latest development of neural models has connected the encoder and decoder through a self-attention mechanism. In particular, Transformer, which is solely based on self-attention, has led to breakthroughs in Natural Language Processing (NLP)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-07 Xindian Ma , Peng Zhang , Shuai Zhang , Nan Duan , Yuexian Hou , Dawei Song , Ming Zhou

Offline Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) systems play a crucial role in applications such as historical document digitization, automatic form processing, and biometric authentication. However, their performance is often hindered by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Yassin Hussein Rassul , Aram M. Ahmed , Polla Fattah , Bryar A. Hassan , Arwaa W. Abdulkareem , Tarik A. Rashid , Joan Lu

Facial expression recognition (FER) is a topic attracting significant research in both psychology and machine learning with a wide range of applications. Despite a wealth of research on human FER and considerable progress in computational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Serin Park , Christian Wallraven

Transformers have excelled in many tasks including vision. However, efficient deployment of transformer models in low-latency or high-throughput applications is hindered by the computation in the attention mechanism which involves expensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 John Yang , Le An , Su Inn Park

Pre-trained language models (PLM) have demonstrated their effectiveness for a broad range of information retrieval and natural language processing tasks. As the core part of PLM, multi-head self-attention is appealing for its ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Shanshan Wang , Zhumin Chen , Zhaochun Ren , Huasheng Liang , Qiang Yan , Pengjie Ren

Although attention-based Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has achieved remarkable progress in recent years, it still suffers from issues of repeating and dropping translations. To alleviate these issues, we propose a novel key-value…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Fandong Meng , Zhaopeng Tu , Yong Cheng , Haiyang Wu , Junjie Zhai , Yuekui Yang , Di Wang

Recurrent sequence generators conditioned on input data through an attention mechanism have recently shown very good performance on a range of tasks in- cluding machine translation, handwriting synthesis and image caption gen- eration. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-06-25 Jan Chorowski , Dzmitry Bahdanau , Dmitriy Serdyuk , Kyunghyun Cho , Yoshua Bengio

In this work, we upgrade the multi-head attention mechanism, the core of the Transformer model, to improve efficiency while maintaining or surpassing the previous accuracy level. We show that multi-head attention can be expressed in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Peng Jin , Bo Zhu , Li Yuan , Shuicheng Yan

As a critical psychological stress response, micro-expressions (MEs) are fleeting and subtle facial movements revealing genuine emotions. Automatic ME recognition (MER) holds valuable applications in fields such as criminal investigation…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Shifeng Liu , Xinglong Mao , Sirui Zhao , Peiming Li , Tong Xu , Enhong Chen

The recognition of handwritten mathematical expressions in images and video frames is a difficult and unsolved problem yet. Deep convectional neural networks are basically a promising approach, but typically require a large amount of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Matthias Springstein , Eric Müller-Budack , Ralph Ewerth

Since 2017, the Transformer-based models play critical roles in various downstream Natural Language Processing tasks. However, a common limitation of the attention mechanism utilized in Transformer Encoder is that it cannot automatically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Ziyang Luo , Yadong Xi , Jing Ma , Zhiwei Yang , Xiaoxi Mao , Changjie Fan , Rongsheng Zhang

Handwritten character recognition has been the center of research and a benchmark problem in the sector of pattern recognition and artificial intelligence, and it continues to be a challenging research topic. Due to its enormous application…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Akm Ashiquzzaman , Abdul Kawsar Tushar , Md Ashiqur Rahman

Multi-scale inference is commonly used to improve the results of semantic segmentation. Multiple images scales are passed through a network and then the results are combined with averaging or max pooling. In this work, we present an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Andrew Tao , Karan Sapra , Bryan Catanzaro

Micro-expressions (MEs) are spontaneous, unconscious facial expressions that have promising applications in various fields such as psychotherapy and national security. Thus, micro-expression recognition (MER) has attracted more and more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Ruolin Li , Lu Wang , Tingting Yang , Lisheng Xu , Bingyang Ma , Yongchun Li , Hongchao Wei

Small objects are difficult to detect because of their low resolution and small size. The existing small object detection methods mainly focus on data preprocessing or narrowing the differences between large and small objects. Inspired by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Fan Zhang , Licheng Jiao , Lingling Li , Fang Liu , Xu Liu

Recently, attention-based encoder-decoder (AED) models have shown state-of-the-art performance in automatic speech recognition (ASR). As the original AED models with global attentions are not capable of online inference, various online…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-15 Hyeonseung Lee , Woo Hyun Kang , Sung Jun Cheon , Hyeongju Kim , Nam Soo Kim

We propose an attention-enabled encoder-decoder model for the problem of grapheme-to-phoneme conversion. Most previous work has tackled the problem via joint sequence models that require explicit alignments for training. In contrast, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-21 Shubham Toshniwal , Karen Livescu

Recently, end-to-end speech recognition with a hybrid model consisting of the connectionist temporal classification(CTC) and the attention encoder-decoder achieved state-of-the-art results. In this paper, we propose a novel CTC decoder…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Zhe Yuan , Zhuoran Lyu , Jiwei Li , Xi Zhou

Handwriting recognition technology allows recognizing a written text from a given data. The recognition task can target letters, symbols, or words, and the input data can be a digital image or recorded by various sensors. A wide range of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Hilda Azimi , Steven Chang , Jonathan Gold , Koray Karabina