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The distribution of absorbed dose in radionuclide therapy with Lu$^{177}$ can be approximated by convolving an image of the time-integrated activity distribution with a dose voxel kernel representing different tissue types. This fast but…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-25 Luciano Melodia

Purpose: Radiation therapy treatment planning is a trial-and-error, often time-consuming process. An optimal dose distribution based on a specific anatomy can be predicted by pre-trained deep learning (DL) models. However, dose…

Medical Physics · Physics 2021-09-15 Jianhui Ma , Dan Nguyen , Ti Bai , Michael Folkerts , Xun Jia , Weiguo Lu , Linghong Zhou , Steve Jiang

Individualized treatment recommendation (ITR) is an important analytic framework for precision medicine. The goal is to assign proper treatments to patients based on their individual characteristics. From the machine learning perspective,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-07 Haomiao Meng , Ying-Qi Zhao , Haoda Fu , Xingye Qiao

Personalizing combination therapies in oncology requires navigating an immense space of possible drug and dose combinations, a task that remains largely infeasible through exhaustive experimentation. Recent developments in patient-derived…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Antoine de Mathelin , Christopher Tosh , Wesley Tansey

Appropriate dosing of radiation is crucial to patient safety in radiotherapy. Current quality assurance depends heavily on a peer-review process, where the physicians' peer review on each patient's treatment plan, including dose and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Qiongge Li , Jean Wright , Russell Hales , Ranh Voong , Todd McNutt

To promote precision medicine, individualized treatment regimes (ITRs) are crucial for optimizing the expected clinical outcome based on patient-specific characteristics. However, existing ITR research has primarily focused on scenarios…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-20 Chang Wang , Lu Wang

Precision medicine is an emerging scientific topic for disease treatment and prevention that takes into account individual patient characteristics. It is an important direction for clinical research, and many statistical methods have been…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-02-17 Jingxiang Chen , Haoda Fu , Xuanyao He , Michael R. Kosorok , Yufeng Liu

An individualized treatment rule (ITR) tailors treatments to a patient's specific characteristics. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are often underpowered to detect the treatment effect heterogeneity needed for reliable ITR…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-14 Yuan Bian , Donglin Zeng , Hyun-Joon Yang , Leanne M. Williams , Yuanjia Wang

We develop a mathematical framework to define an optimal individualized treatment rule (ITR) within the context of prioritized outcomes in a randomized controlled trial. Our optimality criterion is based on the framework of generalized…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-17 François Petit , Gérard Biau , Raphaël Porcher

An individualized decision rule (IDR) is a decision function that assigns each individual a given treatment based on his/her observed characteristics. Most of the existing works in the literature consider settings with binary or finitely…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-31 Hengrui Cai , Chengchun Shi , Rui Song , Wenbin Lu

A dynamic treatment regime effectively incorporates both accrued information and long-term effects of treatment from specially designed clinical trials. As these become more and more popular in conjunction with longitudinal data from…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-08-29 Rui Song , Weiwei Wang , Donglin Zeng , Michael R. Kosorok

Randomized experimentation (also known as A/B testing or bucket testing) is widely used in the internet industry to measure the metric impact obtained by different treatment variants. A/B tests identify the treatment variant showing the…

Optimal treatment rules can improve health outcomes on average by assigning a treatment associated with the most desirable outcome to each individual. Due to an unknown data generation mechanism, it is appealing to use flexible models to…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-21 Lingjie Shen , Gijs Geleijnse , Maurits Kaptein

The current work is motivated by the need for robust statistical methods for precision medicine; as such, we address the need for statistical methods that provide actionable inference for a single unit at any point in time. We aim to learn…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-07-02 Ivana Malenica , Aurelien Bibaut , Mark J. van der Laan

The development of high-throughput sequencing and targeted therapies has led to the emergence of personalized medicine: a patient's molecular profile or the presence of a specific biomarker of drug response will correspond to a treatment…

Applications · Statistics 2020-05-27 Jonas Béal , Aurélien Latouche

In randomized trials involving multiple treatments, bivariate survival outcomes present significant analytical challenges for making decisions. This paper addresses the problem of deriving optimal individualized treatment rules to maximize…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-29 Kun Ren , Yifan Cui , Wen Su

Broadening eligibility criteria in cancer trials has been advocated to represent the true patient population more accurately. While the advantages are clear in terms of generalizability and recruitment, novel dose-finding designs are needed…

Applications · Statistics 2023-01-12 Rebecca B. Silva , Bin Cheng , Richard D. Carvajal , Shing M. Lee

Clinical diagnosis guidelines aim at specifying the steps that may lead to a diagnosis. Inspired by guidelines, we aim to learn the optimal sequence of actions to perform in order to obtain a correct diagnosis from electronic health…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Lillian Muyama , Antoine Neuraz , Adrien Coulet

Recent statistical and reinforcement learning methods have significantly advanced patient care strategies. However, these approaches face substantial challenges in high-stakes contexts, including missing data, inherent stochasticity, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Harsh Parikh , Quinn Lanners , Zade Akras , Sahar F. Zafar , M. Brandon Westover , Cynthia Rudin , Alexander Volfovsky

Opioids are the preferred medications for the treatment of pain in the intensive care unit. While undertreatment leads to unrelieved pain and poor clinical outcomes, excessive use of opioids puts patients at risk of experiencing multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-26 Daniel Lopez-Martinez , Patrick Eschenfeldt , Sassan Ostvar , Myles Ingram , Chin Hur , Rosalind Picard