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In this letter, we propose a stringy model for $n$-point tree-level form factor with the off-shell operator in the scalar and gluon theories, from the bosonic string disk amplitude: $n$ open string states and $1$ closed string state scatter…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-14 Qu Cao

We continue our study of the Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT) factorization of winding string amplitudes. In a toroidal compactification, amplitudes for winding closed string states factorize into products of amplitudes for open strings ending on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-03-29 Ziqi Yan , Matthew Yu

Open string amplitudes at tree level have been studied for over fifty years, but there is no known analytic form for general $n$-point amplitudes, and their conventional representation in terms of worldsheet integrals does not make many of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-23 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Carolina Figueiredo , Grant N. Remmen

A simple recursive expansion algorithm for the integrals of tree level superstring five point amplitudes in a flat background is given which reduces the expansion to simple symbol(ic) manipulations. This approach can be used for instance to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-15 Rutger H. Boels

We present a new characterization of $k$-trees based on their reduced clique graphs and $(k+1)$-line graphs, which are block graphs. We explore structural properties of these two classes, showing that the number of clique-trees of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Lilian Markenzon , Allana S. S. Oliveira , Cybele T. M. Vinagre

Special kind of closed strings is considered. It is shown that these closed strings behave as two (an even number of) open strings at the classical level and one open string at the quantum level. They contain massless vector field in their…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-06-13 Shervgi Shahverdiyev

We apply stochastic quantization method to Kostov's matrix-vector models for the second quantization of orientable strings with Chan-Paton like factors, including both open and closed strings. The Fokker-Planck hamiltonian deduces an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Daiji Ennyu , Hiroshi Kawabe , Naohito Nakazawa

Four-particle tree-level scattering amplitudes in string theory are magically consistent with unitarity, reflected in the non-trivial fact that beneath the critical dimension, the residues of the amplitudes on massive poles can be expanded…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-03-14 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Lorenz Eberhardt , Yu-tin Huang , Sebastian Mizera

We present a prescription for computing the tree-level two-point amplitude of closed strings in the pure spinor superstring formalism, thereby completing the analysis of such superstring amplitudes. The construction relies on fixing the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-30 Sitender Pratap Kashyap

In this paper, we explore the open string amplitude's dual role as a space-time S-matrix and a 1D CFT correlation function. We pursue this correspondence in two directions. First, beginning with a general disk integrand dressed with a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-05-05 Yu-tin Huang , Jin-Yu Liu , Laurentiu Rodina , Yihong Wang

We revisit the existence, background independence and uniqueness of closed, open and open-closed bosonic- and topological string field theory, using the machinery of homotopy algebra. In a theory of classical open- and closed strings, the…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2013-09-12 Korbinian Muenster , Ivo Sachs

We show that closed string states in bosonic string field theory are encoded in the cyclic cohomology of cubic open string field theory (OSFT) which, in turn, classifies the deformations of OSFT. This cohomology is then shown to be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-07-21 Nicolas Moeller , Ivo Sachs

We engineer compact contours on the moduli spaces of genus-zero Riemann surfaces that achieve analytic continuation from Euclidean to Lorentzian worldsheets. These generalized Pochhammer contours are based on the combinatorics of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-09-11 Lorenz Eberhardt , Sebastian Mizera

We give a simple prescription for computing, in the framework of the bosonic string theory, off-shell one-loop amplitudes with any number of external massless particles, both for the open and for the closed string. We discuss their…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 L. Cappiello , R. Marotta , R. Pettorino , F. Pezzella

We study celestial amplitudes in string theory at one-loop. Celestial amplitudes describe scattering processes of boost eigenstates and relate to amplitudes in the more standard basis of momentum eigenstates through a Mellin transform. They…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-07-10 Laura Donnay , Gaston Giribet , Hernán González , Andrea Puhm , Francisco Rojas

We investigate a pattern in the $\alpha'$ expansion of tree-level open superstring amplitudes which correlates the appearance of higher depth multiple zeta values with that of simple zeta values in a particular way. We rephrase this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-12 J. M. Drummond , E. Ragoucy

We study two and three-point tree-level amplitudes of open strings. These amplitudes are reduced from higher-point correlation functions by using mostly BRST exact operators for gauge fixing. For simplicity, we focus on an open string…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-09-29 Shigenori Seki , Tomohiko Takahashi

In this article we present the worldsheet integrand for one-loop amplitudes in maximally supersymmetric superstring theory involving any number n of massless open string states. The polarization dependence is organized into the same BRST…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-09-03 Carlos R. Mafra , Oliver Schlotterer

In this letter a new class of twisted strings is presented, with an asymmetry between the holomorphic and antiholomorphic sectors parametrized by an integer $N$. Their physical content is given by the massless resonances of the closed…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-04-13 Renann Lipinski Jusinskas

A formalism is provided to calculate tree amplitudes in open superstring theory for any multiplicity at any order in the inverse string tension. We point out that the underlying world-sheet disk integrals share substantial properties with…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-10-10 Johannes Broedel , Oliver Schlotterer , Stephan Stieberger