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Unsupervised text representation learning (TRL) is a fundamental task in natural language processing, which is beneficial for improving search and recommendations with the web's unlabeled texts. A recent empirical study finds that the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Ruize An , Richong Zhang , Zhijie Nie , Zhanyu Wu , Yanzhao Zhang , Dingkun Long

This paper introduces TRUncated ReinForcement Learning for Language (TrufLL), an original ap-proach to train conditional language models from scratch by only using reinforcement learning (RL). AsRL methods unsuccessfully scale to large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Alice Martin Donati , Guillaume Quispe , Charles Ollion , Sylvain Le Corff , Florian Strub , Olivier Pietquin

Virtual assistants such as Google Assistant, Amazon Alexa, and Apple Siri enable users to interact with a large number of services and APIs on the web using natural language. In this work, we investigate two methods for Natural Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Mihir Kale , Abhinav Rastogi

Automatic question generation is one of the most challenging tasks of Natural Language Processing. It requires "bidirectional" language processing: firstly, the system has to understand the input text (Natural Language Understanding) and it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Miroslav Blšták , Viera Rozinajová

Natural language understanding (NLU) and natural language generation (NLG) are both critical research topics in the NLP field. Natural language understanding is to extract the core semantic meaning from the given utterances, while natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Shang-Yu Su , Chao-Wei Huang , Yun-Nung Chen

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly become a powerful tool, capable of generating various types of data, such as images and text. However, despite the significant advancement of generative AI, time series generative AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Jaeyun Woo , Jiseok Lee , Brian Kenji Iwana

Existing reference-free metrics have obvious limitations for evaluating controlled text generation models. Unsupervised metrics can only provide a task-agnostic evaluation result which correlates weakly with human judgments, whereas…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Pei Ke , Hao Zhou , Yankai Lin , Peng Li , Jie Zhou , Xiaoyan Zhu , Minlie Huang

Text-based person search (TBPS) aims to retrieve the images of the target person from a large image gallery based on a given natural language description. Existing methods are dominated by training models with parallel image-text pairs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Yang Bai , Jingyao Wang , Min Cao , Chen Chen , Ziqiang Cao , Liqiang Nie , Min Zhang

Large language models generate fluent texts and can follow natural language instructions to solve a wide range of tasks without task-specific training. Nevertheless, it is notoriously difficult to control their generation to satisfy the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Wangchunshu Zhou , Yuchen Eleanor Jiang , Ethan Wilcox , Ryan Cotterell , Mrinmaya Sachan

Token-based masked generative models are gaining popularity for their fast inference time with parallel decoding. While recent token-based approaches achieve competitive performance to diffusion-based models, their generation performance is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Jaewoong Lee , Sangwon Jang , Jaehyeong Jo , Jaehong Yoon , Yunji Kim , Jin-Hwa Kim , Jung-Woo Ha , Sung Ju Hwang

We study automatic question generation for sentences from text passages in reading comprehension. We introduce an attention-based sequence learning model for the task and investigate the effect of encoding sentence- vs. paragraph-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-02 Xinya Du , Junru Shao , Claire Cardie

Recent work on unsupervised question answering has shown that models can be trained with procedurally generated question-answer pairs and can achieve performance competitive with supervised methods. In this work, we consider the task of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Pratyay Banerjee , Tejas Gokhale , Chitta Baral

This work presents a method for visual text recognition without using any paired supervisory data. We formulate the text recognition task as one of aligning the conditional distribution of strings predicted from given text images, with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Ankush Gupta , Andrea Vedaldi , Andrew Zisserman

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have shown great promise recently in image generation. Training GANs for language generation has proven to be more difficult, because of the non-differentiable nature of generating text with recurrent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-22 Ofir Press , Amir Bar , Ben Bogin , Jonathan Berant , Lior Wolf

Unsupervised constrained text generation aims to generate text under a given set of constraints without any supervised data. Current state-of-the-art methods stochastically sample edit positions and actions, which may cause unnecessary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Yingwen Fu , Wenjie Ou , Zhou Yu , Yue Lin

Learning to generate fluent natural language from structured data with neural networks has become an common approach for NLG. This problem can be challenging when the form of the structured data varies between examples. This paper presents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-12 Sebastian Gehrmann , Falcon Z. Dai , Henry Elder , Alexander M. Rush

We present a deep generative model for unsupervised text style transfer that unifies previously proposed non-generative techniques. Our probabilistic approach models non-parallel data from two domains as a partially observed parallel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Junxian He , Xinyi Wang , Graham Neubig , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Large-scale transformer-based language models (LMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities in open text generation. However, controlling the generated text's properties such as the topic, style, and sentiment is challenging and often requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Rohola Zandie , Mohammad H. Mahoor

Most existing text generation models follow the sequence-to-sequence paradigm. Generative Grammar suggests that humans generate natural language texts by learning language grammar. We propose a syntax-guided generation schema, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Yafu Li , Leyang Cui , Jianhao Yan , Yongjing Yin , Wei Bi , Shuming Shi , Yue Zhang

We propose GRS: an unsupervised approach to sentence simplification that combines text generation and text revision. We start with an iterative framework in which an input sentence is revised using explicit edit operations, and add…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Mohammad Dehghan , Dhruv Kumar , Lukasz Golab